The Picture of Dorian Grey, by Oscar Wilde - 771 Words

Is it worth maintaining an ornately aesthetic life? Is it better to seek a moral lifestyle following society’s moral standards? With ideal appearances and superficial beauty, a decorated life can seem easier and more luxurious than a moral life. Leading a moral life is not as appealing to most people; and is filled with hardships and trouble over â€Å"doing the right thing†. One quality cannot be held without losing the other, due to their conflicting natures. While the novel The Picture of Dorian Gray brings out the central question â€Å"Is it better to pursue Aesthetics or Morality?† it describes the life of Dorian Gray, who constantly sought to maintain his appearance at the cost of his morals, and answers the question by revealing the†¦show more content†¦He wishes to stay as young and lovely as the portrait that Basil Hallward painted of him, and he wishes that the portrait could age instead. Dorian soon adopts Hedonism and resolves to live his li fe as a pleasure-seeker with no regard for morality, thanks to Lord Henry’s influence. Dorian’s connection with Sibyl Vane tests his commitment to this way of life by nearly leading him to stop living with Lord Henry’s teachings, but his love proves to be as superficial as he is. When he drives Sibyl to suicide after breaking her heart, Dorian notices the first transformation in his portrait, giving evidence that his picture is showing the effects of age and decay while his body remains ever youthful. Dorian goes through a time of inner-catastrophe as he weighs his guilt about Sibyl against the freedom from worry that Lord Henry’s philosophy guaranteed. When Dorian chooses to avoid responsibility by viewing Sibyl’s suicide as an achievement rather than a tragedy, he starts down the steep slope of his own downfall. This pursuit of aestheticism became so extreme, Dorian found no regret towards his wish and his now immoral lifestyle. As Dorian’s life progresses, his sins grow worse and his picture grows more hideous while he maintains his young appearance. Dorian seems to lack a conscience throughout the novel, and is encouraged by Lord Henry’s idea that â€Å"Conscience and cowardice are really the same things† (Wilde 7). Dorian Gray, however, eventually finds the desire toShow MoreRelatedThe Picture of Dorian Grey by Oscar Wilde768 Words   |  3 PagesEgo, and the Id. The Superego is basically the conscience of our mind. The Ego is consciousness created by the combination of the Id and Superego. The Id is having thoughts of instincts and drives which are necessary to satisfy. In Oscar Wilde’s The Picture of Dorian Gray, we see the main characters representing the Superego, Ego, and Id. The Superego is representative of our conscience and is opposite of the id. â€Å"Superego† comes from Latin and really means â€Å"above the ego†. It is the greatest powerRead MoreThe Picture of Dorian Grey by Oscar Wilde800 Words   |  3 PagesOne of Oscar Wilde’s most challenging themes, not only in his writing, but also in his professional life, is that of formulating an authentic identity in the realism of a hedonistic, pleasure-seeking lifestyle without boundaries. By first looking at this challenge in all its facets, it will be easier to comprehend the fundamental theme in his book The Picture of Dorian Gray. In his professional life, Wilde became known for his short stories, poems, plays, his only novel, and his wit. Wilde becameRead MoreThe Theme of Decadence in the Picture of Dorian Grey by Oscar Wilde1553 Words   |  7 PagesThe theme of decadence in The Picture of Dorian Grey by Oscar Wilde Staring from the definition found in the dictionary, the decadence is a literary movement especially of late 19th-century France and England characterized by refined aestheticism, artifice, and the quest for new sensations. [1] In decadence, important is not necessarily what is seen, but the hermeneutics: what man feels when he sees the creative result of this feeling. It is the current that requires a co-operationRead MoreCompare And Contrast The Picture Of Dorian Gray And Frankenstein701 Words   |  3 PagesOscar Wilde’s The Picture of Dorian Grey, and Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, are considered classics in modern literature, as they are known for their captivating plot lines and unique writing styles. While both novels share similarities in their use of syntax, as well as their overall structure, The Picture of Dorian Grey and Frankenstein are almost complete opposites when it comes to the execution of these elements. The use of syntax in The Picture of Dorian Grey and Frankenstein are utilized forRead MoreProposal for A Narcissistic study of The Picture of Dorian Grey919 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ A Narcissistic study of The Picture of Dorian Grey General Overview Oscar Wilde’s The picture of Dorian Grey’s novel is about a young man named Dorian Gray, the subject of a painting by artist Basil Hallward. Basil is impressed by Dorians beauty and believes his beauty should not be wasted and it is responsible for a new mode in his art. Dorian meets Lord Henry Wotton, a friend of Basils, and becomes enslaved by Lord Henrys world view. He shows him a new hedonism, and suggests the only thingsRead MoreEssay on Oscar Wildes Success at a Gothic Novel1489 Words   |  6 PagesIn this essay I will be looking at how successful Oscar Wilde was at creating a gothic novel. I will be using Edgar Alan Poe’s short story The Fall of the House of Usher and the film Bram Stokers, Dracula and the The Picture of Dorian Gray. In this essay I will be looking at how successful Oscar Wilde was at creating a gothic novel. I will be using Edgar Alan Poe’s short story ‘The Fall of the House of Usher’ and the film ‘Bram Stokers, Dracula’ and the earlier version ‘Nosferatu’ asRead MoreImmortal Literary Combat: Against Nature vs. Thoreau1290 Words   |  5 Pagesis to Dorian Grey, as Henry David Thoreau is to Christopher Mccandless; The story of Des Esseintes, in the book â€Å"À rebours† changed Dorian Grey, it, among other things, influenced him to commit horrible atrocities like manipulation, and murder. Just as Henry David Thoreau’s book â€Å"Walden,† along with many other great literary works, enlightened and influenced Chris Mccandless to go back-packing across the country in pursuit of a life full of adventure, simplicity, and contingency. Dorian Grey andRead MoreCompare And Contrast The Picture Of Dorian Grey And The Count Of Monte Cristo1191 Words   |  5 PagesIn both Oscar Wilde’s The Picture of Dorian Grey and Alexandre Dumas’s The Count of Monte Cristo the main characters are lend to believe in a greater notion of life. Specifically, Oscar Wilde and Alexandre Dumas appear to illustrate the idea that one cannot better themselves through others. Both protagonists, Dorian Grey and Edmond Dantà ¨s fail to recognize and act on their own fortune and, consequently, seek out to better themselves which eventually leads to their downfall. In both The PictureRead MoreIs Masculinity Defined Within The Comedy?2332 Words   |  10 Pagesforms but specifically in the portrait â€Å"Dr. Pozzi At Home† by John Singer Sargent and the book â€Å"The picture of Dorian Grey† by Oscar Wilde. The question I want to address is how was masculinity defined in the victorian era by these artist and how did this have an affect on society and their perception of the victorian man. There were many controversies, a mighty significant one surrounding Oscar Wilde, about how these artist defined masculinity and how they presented the victorian man with not onlyRead More Essay on the Human Spirit in Frankenstein and Picture of Dorian Grey757 Words   |  4 Pages Similarities of the Human Spirit innbsp;Frankenstein and The Picture of Dorian Greynbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp; The human spirit is one of the most beautiful forces in the world, but it is also one of the most vulnerable. In the novels Frankenstein by Mary Shelley and The Picture of Dorian Grey by Oscar Wilde, this idea of the human spirit is portrayed clearly. Both novels have similar aspects about the human spirit, but they also have their differences. Both novels have main characters who

Community Analysis South Philadelphia - 1672 Words

Community Analysis South Philadelphia is an urban community with a plethora of diverse populations within one geographic location. According to The Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia, (2015) South Philadelphia extends from â€Å"South Street to the I-76 expressway and from the Delaware to the Schuylkill Rivers†. South Philadelphia includes the zip codes of 19145, 19146, 19147, and 19148, but for this analysis I will focus solely on 19145. Within, the community of South Philadelphia an array of smaller communities exists, where residents share similar characteristics such as culture, beliefs, racial identity or interests. Communities where individuals share more than just their geographic location are non geographical communities and therefore South Philadelphia is a community based on both geographic vicinity and a community based on the common ideas, interest and a since of belonging residents share. As mentioned above a variety of ethnic groups reside in South Philadelphia, however for the purposes of this paper one subgroup within South Philadelphia will be analyzed and assessed. This community analysis focuses on the Nepalese residents living (see appendix A) in South Philadelphia and the community’s assets, social processes and challenges present in the community. Individuals in this ethnic community have immigrated to the United States from Nepal for many reasons including better educational and employment opportunities. Assessment of Community CharacteristicsShow MoreRelatedPublic Space And Why Is It Important?1466 Words   |  6 PagesWhat constitutes a public space, what role it plays, and how design should approach and deal with it is a widely debated topic in the realm of design. These public spaces historically acted as the common ground for communities; a political, social and cultural arena to foster community cohesion. In terms of city cohesion, Kevin Lynch, an American urban planner and author, argues that public spaces, apart from giving form and expression to cities, can be nodes and landmarks that make cities moreRead MoreGentrification Of The West Philadelphia1478 Words   |  6 PagesGentrification in North Philadelphia Gentrification began to garner a great deal of attention from scholars, politicians, and the media soon after the phenomenon was first identified by Ruth Glass in the 1964 (Glass, 1964). Politicians and academics have debated[[delete,] what constitutes gentrification, whether gentrification is a legitimate means of improving the economy of metropolitan neighborhoods, or if the influx of wealthier residents into a low income neighborhood is more akin to an â€Å"invasionRead MoreWhy Philadelphia Is Not For Affordable And Nutritious Food1676 Words   |  7 PagesPhiladelphia is not exceptional in terms of the characteristics or poverty status from its residents when compared to other large urban areas. Yet it has the second lowest number of supermarkets of major cities in the nation. The greater Philadelphia region has seventy-two fewer supermarkets in low-income neighborhoods (Duane Perry). This shortage of supermarkets means that poor residents must travel out of their neighborhoo ds to purchase food, or shop at more expensive convenience stores with lessRead MoreThe Intellectual Era Of The Grimke Sisters1228 Words   |  5 Pagesnature of the basis for the thinking that motivated and guided their reform efforts and ideology. This paper draw upon multiple sources, mainly The Grimke Sisters from South Carolina, The Emancipation of Angelina Grimke, and Lift up Thy Voice, for historical details and mainly Angelina Grimke’s Appeal to the Christian Women of the South and Sarah Grimke’s Letter’s on the Equality of the Sexes for insight on their thinking during their early activism. In analyzing the intellectual history of the GrimkeRead MoreThe Early Anti-Slavery Movement1027 Words   |  5 PagesAround 1619 the first African slaves set foot to the colonies for their first time. Slaves were necessary to maintain the economy growing because tobacco, sugar cane, cotton, and rice become drawing of outline crops in the south. During this time the slave trade advanced greatly and built into the â€Å"Triangle Trade.† Americans were taking the products to the west coast of Africa, and they were exchanging them for healthy African people. Those captives came to the West Indies or The English coloniesRead MoreSocial And Social Learning Theory1553 Words   |  7 Pageskey themes of the Social Disorganization Theory. In regard to the Social Disorganization Theory, Welsh, Greene, and Jenkins study revealed community poverty and individual characteristics contribute to juvenile delinquency. Additionally, Osgood and Chambers study concluded the generalizations of the Social Disorganization Theory apply to rural communities as they impact metropolitan cities. Literature Review According to Brauer and DeCoster’s journal article, the Social Learning Theory is utilizedRead MoreStarbucks Marketing Strategy For Starbucks1429 Words   |  6 Pages MARKETING CA1 Dylan Nolan â€Æ' Contents Starbucks Marketing Strategy 2 Starbucks SWOT Analysis 4 Starbucks Macro-Environment Forces 5 Starbucks Target Market Segmentation 6 Starbucks Social and Digital Media 7 Bibliography 8 References 8 Table of Figures 8 DECLARATION 9 â€Æ' Starbucks Marketing Strategy 1) Please expand on the various marketing strategies that were implemented in Starbucks at this time and comment on whether you think these strategies worked, and why? ‘To inspire and nurture theRead MoreImmigration Has Increased Through Out The Years And President Trump1139 Words   |  5 Pagesthis country. Time during his campaign, and up to his presidency, has become a heightened scrutiny for undocumented immigrants; perhaps, mainly Hispanics. Hockenberry and Puzzanchera (2016) define them as â€Å"a person of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central American, or other Spanish culture or origin regardless of race† (p3). I identify myself as a Hispanic because I was raised in Honduras, the heart of Central America, and I understand the climax that immigrants from these countries attemptRead MoreNurse Practitioners : A Nurse Practitioner Essay1679 Words   |  7 PagesPractitioner in Emergency Care, n.d.). The difference between an RN and a BSN is an RN will do the basics such check symptoms and use medical equipment. With a BSN a nurse can do all the same this a nurse with an RN does but they can also work with the community and help people understand their health better. (RN vs. BSN what you should know, n.d.). Now a BSN and MSN are similar except a BSN is where one would be able to work in variety of different nursing fields but a MSN can work in specialties (BSN vsRead MoreDid Slavery Destroy the Black Family?1591 Words   |  7 Pagesreports of husbands taking advantage of female lodgers that might rent from a boarding family. Dunaway’s research gives the appearance of being different because of the research methodology utilized. She speaks to the utilization of statistical analysis which was derived from a database of over 26,000 families from the 19th century tax lists. She also states that she used archived records from farms, plantations, commercial sites and industries, in addition to the rich Appalachian planters.

Decision Making Model for PESTEL System †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Decision Making Model for PESTEL. Answer: Introduction Emirates group was started in 1980s after the Gulf air was established. It started with 2 planes leased from Pakistan International Airlines. They differentiate themselves from the competitors by raising the bars for the services and glamour. It also raised the fares but people were ready to pay for the services. In double Decker Airbus, it introduced full bars services, showers services as well as free food and drinks in all the flights of emirates. Soon with the investment flowing from UAE government, it started it operations in various countries. Soon, it becomes a formidable player in the International Airways. It has also become the worlds 8th largest airline in carrying the international passengers and 5th largest in terms of total kilometers travelled (Connell, 2011). Seeing the potential of airlines industry in the developing countries like India and impresses from the success of the other International Airlines like British Airways in India, it is considering the prospects o f increasing its business in India. As per the report, India is the second largest market after US in terms of domestic travels. Also, India is one of the fastest country to re over its status after recession of 2008 due to huge domestic market. Its market is so large that it does not have very high dependency on exports (Armitage, Jasim, Marks, Parker, Usik, Uerpmann, 2011). The purpose of this case study is to analyze the business model of the Emirates Airlines, potential of its increasing business in India and the suitable strategy for going to Indian markets as well as appropriate entry mode. In Airline Industry, there is no dearth of players that provides services to their customers however what differentiate Emirates from competitors like British Airways is the supplementary services. For instance, High quality service and low cost is one o f the quality of Emirates that take it to one step ahead than its competitors. Core service is the providing transportation to passengers from 1 city to another which is offered by all the airlines. Supplementary services includes comfortable seats, comfortable environment, entertainment, free food and drink services, personalized cabins for people travelling in first class, recliner chairs having ability to open up to 6 feet, shower facilities Delivery of services is done through highly professional matter through the highly trained staff. Emirates focus is on this aspect i.e. providing excellent delivery to its customers (Temiz, Gokmen, 2014). The porter five forces analysis is around 5 parameters that drive the industry. They are as follows: Threat of new entrants is very less because entering into Airline industry needs huge capital, permits and licenses , patents. Also, there are distribution limitations in terms of terminals. Safety, compliance, investment are some of the things that deter new players into entering this industry (Karabarbounis, 2014). Threat of substitutes is quite high as there are only 2 types of players in the market luxury and budget with huge price difference. With time for domestic flights not more than 2, 3 hours, it is highly probable that people will go for budget flights. This is also high as the customers always have the numerous options and buyers are also price sensitive. With other similar players like British Airways, Lufthansa, Gulf air, Etihad, Qatar entering into India, Customer have excellent bargaining power (Krystofik Babbitt, 2014). There are only 2 companies in the world, American-based Boeing and the Airbus Group, that supplies the major aircraft to all the Airlines. In terms of engine, General electric and United Technologies Corporation are the only 2 major players for manufacturing engines and other body parts. Thus, although airline industry is highly competitive very few suppliers commands the most of the major market and thus has a higher bargaining power (Branner Piekkari, Tietze, 2014). It is high in this industry due to large number of players. However, in the segment of customers which demands services like reclined seat, spas, entertainments and better services, Emirates also have good competition with British Airways, Lufthansa, Gulf air, Etihad, Qatar entering into India. PESTLE analysis is done for analyzing the state of particular industry in a particular country. It has nothing to do with a particular organization but concerns with complete industry. Therefore, Emirates considering expanding in India must be well versed with the PESTLE analysis of aviation industry in India. This analysis will help the company to make the decision about its expansion plans in India. Political factors are quite important and have high influenced on any industry. Aviation industry is highly influenced by the political conditions because of rules and regulations that changes quite frequently. As of now, political condition in India is stable from last 15 years. 15 years back, there were some tensions with Pakistan, Gujarat riots but now with a strong government, India is making its presence felt to the entire world. India, who is known as highly corrupt country and difficult to do business with, with its new government is working hard to change its status across the world and is also relaxing its rules for foreign players but still is has a long way to go because corruption is ingrained in the society. Still, bribes have to be paid for getting various permits and licenses but this is also getting reduced. Government owned airlines have very different rules and had free seats for ministers and officials, more perks, retirement benefits against private players and that is reflected in their balance sheets. For example, Air India is state owned company, which has very poor performance (Cantwell, 2014). But overall, government is working hard to improve its status and reputation around the world and has climbing in ranking of ease of doing in business in last few years. This clearly shows the efforts of the government have been recognized. There is no major political issue so far in aviation industry (Salunke Weerawardena, 2011). This includes the growth of the country, inflation rate, exchange rate, taxation policy and income of the people. India is going through a major change and is on the verge of change. As it is the country having the maximum population of young people who can work, its people are going all over the world to contribute to various economies. Realizing that and incentives from the government, many foreign companies are coming to India to tap the cheap resources, huge manpower talent as well as huge markets. Also, As the Income of the people is increasing; percentage of upper middle class and rich has also increased in the total population. People are now travelling more not just for business purposes but for vacation purposes. With rising income, their mode of transport is also changed and they prefer airlines which simply show the huge potential of airlines in India (Rangaarjan, Prasad, 2014). However, there are many low cost airlines and people in India prefer to fly with them and Emir ates is luxurious airline. Emirates is known for redefining the standard of luxury and its expansion will give the tough competition to luxury airlines in India which are very few. Overall, the prospect of Aviation industry in India looks good from economic perspective. Changing travel habits of the people have huge implications for the aviation industry. As of now, Jobs are concentrated in few of the metropolitan cities where people from all over India come and lives. These people often have requirement to travel back to their house and they also sometime travel to and fro between home and work. As a result, these changing habits have wide implications and scope for aviation industry. India is a very diverse country with huge variations in caste, creed, religion and each passengers expects the airlines to customize its offerings for instance, some people like to have Hindu food and like that (Yuksel, 2012). These requirements will be fulfilled only with the entry of more seasoned players like Emirates. India is developing at a rapid pace with full usage of technology. All the airlines are using the latest technology like check in advance, QR codes for boarding, auctioning of unoccupied seats before 1 week at attractive prices to cut their costs. Also, Major airports like Bangalore, Mumbai, Delhi have been upgraded in last few years and become much more big in size with facilities comparable to International Airports. All this is possible as the Airport authority of India has started recognizing the huge potential of the airline industry especially in this world of Globalization where companies are expanding their bases to India and which increases the travelers and travel habits. Technological factors are very favorable and once the Emirates with best in class technology expands to India, it will further fuels up the competition in India. Though there are many legal conditions like timings about the traveling of planes, rules like maximum cancellation charges, types of Airbus used in domestic routes and other acts like Air corporation act 1953, International Airport authority act 19716, Carriage by Air act 19727 Anti hijacking act, Tokyo international act and any players has to abide by such acts. Apart from this, there are no major challenges considering the legal prospects. India is one of the fastest growing markets with huge potential in the World. Though most of the traffic is concentrate in 6 cities like Delhi, Mumbai, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Pune, and Kolkata but in last few years, as the income is growing, there is also increase in the number of airports. As of current date, there are total of 134 airports in India. Out of 134, 48 are reserved for Defense activities and private activities, 64 airports have domestic statuses and 22 have international status. These increasing numbers of airports and conversion of domestic airport to international airports simply shows the potential of growth of Air travelers. International marketing strategy Emirates have to decide the international marketing strategy like whether it has to provide the global standard services or it should localized itself. Given the vast diversity of India where Language changes in every 200 miles and differences in caste, creed, believes, it has to customize its services to a huge extent for Indians. Not only this, as per the government of India, Liquor is not allowed in Domestic services. Thus, Food will be one of the main things. Now, it has to customize its food for different states, religions for the people however the other global things like entertainment, comfortable seating can be the same (Patel, 2013). There are various options for Emirates to enter in India. Emirates can make a direct entry into the Indian market but that will be bit complicated given the difficulty of business in India. At every level, there are much bureaucracy involved besides corruption and bribe. Lack of external market may cause too much time for Emirates to enter the market directly and also company will find it difficult to manage cultural and social differences. Licensing and Franchising will also not be suitable in this business model and also due to the brand name of emirates, these entry modes have the higher probability of impacting the brand name of the company because not everyone can keep such higher standards of service and delivery (Joshi, Bhatia, 2014). Joint venture is another important strategy and will be more suitable for Emirates to expand in India as compared to direct entry. With the help of Joint venture, Emirates can get rid of problems like dealing with government, regulatory agencies and also to get the local market knowledge and experience before launching full fledge into foreign markets. Not only will this, having a joint venture with one of Indian Airways help the company faster to establish itself as brand in India. Also, there are many companies in India but most are low cost airlines like spicejet, Indigo, Vistara. Air India is a good premium fight but it owned by the government. Jet airways will be the most suitable and eligible for entering into a joint venture in India (Nataraja, Al-Aali, 2011). In fact, they already have collaboration in some of the areas. For example, people having jet airways mile can redeem their miles in Emirates flights also. Recommendations Bases on the pestle analysis of Aviation Industry and other requirements, there is no doubt that the decision of Emirates to expand into developing markets like India is not good. With Globalization and many other opportunities, most of the global players are setting big time in India. India also has witnessed great rise in income level and change in travel habits of the people which simply shows the huge potential of the country. Apart from this, Emirates also has the huge potential of tapping the aspirations of growing middle class by providing them better services. Although there are many international players and stiff competition but the market is so large that each player can have its own share of pie. Conclusion Emirates have been discusses in this case study along with its scope for expanding into India. India is a developing country with huge potential and there are various tools used for analysis and all of them are suggesting that Emirates should expand to India. Not only this, Its global competitors like Lufthansa, Qatar, Etihad, Silk Air, Gulf Air already have their presence in India. Though there are numerous players but the market is very high and each player can have its share. Also, Joint venture is suggested as a preferred mode of entry into Indian markets. References Armitage, S. J., Jasim, S. A., Marks, A. E., Parker, A. G., Usik, V. I., Uerpmann, H. P. (2011). The southern route out of Africa: evidence for an early expansion of modern humans into Arabia.Science,331(6016), 453-456. Brannen, M.Y., Piekkari, R. and Tietze, S., 2014. The multifaceted role of language in international business: Unpacking the forms, functions and features of a critical challenge to MNC theory and performance.Journal of International Business Studies,45(5), pp.495-507. Cantwell, J., 2014. Revisiting international business theory: A capabilities-based theory of the MNE.Journal of International Business Studies,45(1), p.1. Joshi, M. C., Bhatia, R. (2014). Russia: An Emerging Market for Indian Firms.Global Performance Challenges, 213. Krystofik, M., Babbitt, C. W., Gaustad, G. (2014). When consumer behavior dictates life cycle performance beyond the use phase: case study of inkjet cartridge end-of-life management. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 19(5), 1129-1145. Karabarbounis, L., 2014. Home production, labor wedges, and international business cycles.Journal of Monetary Economics,64, pp.68-84. Nataraja, S., Al-Aali, A. (2011). The exceptional performance strategies of Emirate Airlines.Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal,21(5), 471-486. OConnell, J. F. (2011). The rise of the Arabian Gulf carriers: An insight into the business model of Emirates Airline.Journal of Air Transport Management,17(6), 339-346. Patel, D. (2013). Study on Indian Airline Industry. Rangarajan, S., Prasad, V. A. (2014). The Indian airline industrywill the flight be smooth?.Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies,4(3), 1-18. Salunke, S., Weerawardena, J., McColl-Kennedy, J. R. (2011). Towards a model of dynamic capabilities in innovation-based competitive strategy: insights from project-oriented service firms. Industrial Marketing Management, 40(8), 1251-1263. Temiz, D. and Gokmen, A., 2014. FDI inflow as an international business operation by MNCs and economic growth: An empirical study on Turkey.International Business Review,23(1), pp.145-154. Yuksel, I. (2012). Developing a Multi-Criteria Decision Making Model for PESTEL Analysis. International Journal of Business and Management, 7(24), 57-66.

Anheuser-Busch free essay sample

Anheuser-Busch I. Executive Summary Since it’s founding in 1852 Anheuser-Busch has brewed a great product. Today Anheuser-Busch is controlling the industry by creating brand supremacy over their competitors. Anheuser-Busch has a very successful and long standing history with their marketing and advertising, this has aided in giving them the edge they needed over the competition. In the US market their signature beers Budweiser and Bud Light can be referenced by the Anheuser-Busch Clydesdales. These horses have given this company the American feel as well as the competitive edge over other brewers. Anheuser-Busch has also put a great deal of time and money into sponsorships within the sports industry, this has also helped secure the global loyalty it has enjoyed in the past. Anheuser-Busch would not be where it is today if not for their historic practice of developing new and different products to help meet the needs of their consumers. The brewing industry has seen some generations come and go and seen trends change steadily with these generation. While Budweiser was the beer of choice of our parents, Bud Light was introduced to fill needs of a new and different crowd. This trend is bound to continue and any brewer that cannot keep up will be left in the dust. II. Table of Contents III. Industry AnalysisPage 4 IV. Analysis of the CompetitorsPage 8 V. Firm AnalysisPage 13 VI. RecommendationsPage 18 VII. ReferencesPage 20 III. Industry Analysis DEMOGRAPHIC There has been a significant trend in the growing population of first time drinkers in this country. â€Å"The number of consumers reaching legal age has risen steadily in recent years, according to the U. S. Census Bureau. In 1999, the 21- to 24-year-old age group began increasing in size for the first time in two decades. This growth is expected to continue through 2010. † (Clark, 2005) Although there has been a dramatic increase in the target population of brewers over the past decade, this hasn’t helped increase sales in the past decade. â€Å"While beer historically has been the alcoholic beverage of choice for the first-time drinker, we have seen a surge in the consumption of spirits and wines by this group in the past couple of years, due to demographic changes and lots of marketing. † (Clark, 2005) Changing attitudes by the brewing industry’s target population has contributed to a loss of sales despite a growing population. ECONOMIC Do to tough economic times where the unemployment rate is rising everyday, the brewing industry has certainly taken a loss in sales. â€Å"Americans are going out much less to bars and restaurants and indeed sales of beers to businesses have also dropped. † (Alazraki, 2008) The economic recession that America is facing is forcing people to be very tight with their money, and this includes the purchasing of luxury items or non-necessities such as beer. The beer that is being bought is tending to be less expensive than beer that has been bought in the past. So far the increase in sales of more economic beers has been at the expense of the more expensive ones. † (Alazraki, 2008) This trend is also hurting the brewing industry because of lack of sales on their higher price brew. â€Å"So unless Americans have a reason to start drowning their sorrows in beer and lets hope that doesnt happen I dont see great things ahead for beer companies†. (alazraki, 2008) POLITICAL/LEGAL As imports and exports become more of an existing force for the brewing industry, this will also have drastic effects on brewing in the US. As more and more micro breweries and foreign breweries expand, it will be harder for the smaller breweries to keep up. The current kingpin in the US, Anheuser Busch has recently formed an agreement to further it’s distribution even further outside of the US, making the brewery industry more of a global issue. â€Å"The agreement does not impact existing litigation or trademark disputes between the two brewers in other countries, and they have agreed the partnership cannot be used to support either side in any trademark cases. † (Realbeer. com, 2007) SOCIOCULTURAL There has been an increase in alcoholism and more of a push towards healthy lifestyles in the recent years. â€Å"Alcoholism refers to any condition that result in the continued consumption of alcoholic beverages despite health problems and negative social consequences. † (Wikipedia, 2007) Every year there are issues from drunk driving to spousal abuse that stem from alcohol abuse. â€Å"Alcoholism does not have a single cause—including genetic—but that genes do play an important role by affecting processes in the body and brain that interact with one another and with an individuals life experiences to produce protection or susceptibility. (Wikipedia, 2007) For this reason the brewing industry has had to take a more in charge approach to their marketing having to promote drinking responsible a big priority. TECHNOLIGICAL Technology in beer has come a long way since beer was first brewed. The first issue to affect the brewing industry is the innovation of the mic ro brewery. â€Å"Microbreweries are small producers of beer that serve local or regional markets. To qualify as a microbrewery, the establishment must produce less than 15,000 barrels (178,841 decaliters) annually. † (Yares. 009) This gave everyday people a chance to brew their own and start a small business. While the individual companies didn’t affect the industry the new onslaught of competition did change it. With the development of microbreweries came new types and flavors of beers that made the originals more common and less interesting. †Currently there are more than 1,600 microbreweries in operation in the United States alone. The number of home brewers is unknown, but brewers of both home brew and microbreweries cite the same reasons for their existence. Taste, body and overall flavor of micro brewed beer exceeds the major brands. † (Yares, 2009) GLOBAL As I had mentioned in the above economic trends, there has been a push for global expansion within the market of brewing. The largest powerhouse of brewing in the united states, Anheuser-Busch has been the target of a buyout. â€Å"After two weeks of nail-biting speculation, InBev NV (INBVF. PK) pulled the trigger on its takeover offer to Anheuser-Busch Companies Inc. (BUD), putting up a $46. 3 billion, or $65 per share, cash bid for the U. S. arket leader. † (Caggeso, 2008) This would make Anheuser-Busch no longer an American company, but would make it among the top in the world. According to CEO Carlos Brito â€Å"This company is going to be the world’s leading brewer,† Brito noted, calling the merger a natural step. â€Å"It’s going to be among the top five consumer goods companies in the world. † (Caggeso, 2008) The effects of this among th e brewing industry will hurt smaller companies and make it more difficult to compete against the new global powerhouse. IV. Analysis of the Competitors Anheuser-Busch is best known for its brewing capabilities and its signature beer, Budweiser. â€Å"Its beers lead the US with a market share of some 48%. † (Covell. 2009) Along with this Anheuser-Busch also has operations in theme parks and can production. Anheuser-Busch currently is the top provider in the industry having sales from 2007 at â€Å"$16,685. 7M, One year growth: 6. 2%, Net income: $2,115. 3M, Income growth: 7. 6%. † (Covell. 2009) Along with the brewing of beer, Anheuser-Busch also produces other products such as energy drinks and other non alcoholic beverages. The top competitors of Anheuser-Busch are â€Å"Miller Brewing Company; Adolph Coors Company; Heineken N. V. † (Covell. 2009) SABMiller or Miller Brewing Company â€Å"is one of the worlds largest brewers with more than 200 brands and some 140 breweries in about 30 countries. Its brands include Castle Lager, the top label in Africa, Grolsch, Miller, and Peroni, just to name a few. † (Salamie. 2009) SABMiller is second only to Anheuser-Busch, and like Anheuser-Busch also has other operations such as a can production plant. In addition to beer, SABMiller makes wines and spirits, and it is one of the worlds largest bottlers of Coca-Cola products and other soft drinks. † (Salamie. 2009) SABMiller is now based in London, England but has no operations there. â€Å"Its true home country is South Africa, where The South African Breweries Limited (SAB) was founded in 1895 and where SABMiller today holds an impressive 98 percent share of the beer market. † (Salamie. 2009) Miller Brewing Company is an important competitor because like Anheuser-Busch they are a global company and hold a large share of the market in the brewing industry. Miller Brewing has also shown a substantial growth in sales having a one year growth of 15. 0%, net income of $2,288. 00M and an income growth of 21. 5% (Salamie. 2009) SABMiller is expanding their business at a impressive rate and slowly growing to catch up with Anheuser-Busch. Another competitor of Anheuser-Busch is the Molson Coors Brewing Company. â€Å"Molson Coors Brewing Company, the product of the February 2005 merger of the Colorado-based Adolph Coors Company and the Canadian brewer Molson Inc. , ranks as the fifth largest brewing company in the world. It holds the number one position in Canada, the number two rank in the United Kingdom, and the number three slot in the United States. † (Gasbarre, 2009) Prior to the merger, Molson was the first brewery in North America (Canada) being founded in 1786 and Coors was established in 1873 in the United States. Prior to this merger both breweries were not where they wanted to be losing valuable market shares and profits on the decline. Following the merger the company emerged as a power in the brewing industry. By merging the company has been able to become a major player and start expanding into more global markets. They also have been in collaboration with other brewing companies that are considered competitors. â€Å"In the US, Molson Coors operates through joint venture MillerCoors (42%-owned with SABMiller), which markets Coors, Coors Light, and Molson products. † (Gasbarre, 2009) Like the Anheuser-Busch, the Molson Coors Brewing Company also has other ventures in product lines other than beer and has made a push to expand its efforts globablly. The final competitor of Anheuser-Busch is Heineken N. V, who’s most popular brand, is Heineken. â€Å"Heineken, one of the worlds brewing giants, sells its namesake beer in their easily recognized green bottles in just about every country on the planet. † (Highman, 2009) Although Heineken started as a considerably smaller operation it has easily become one of the most popular import beers in the US. Like the above competitors, Heineken has had a massive expansion into the global market. â€Å"After the repeal of Prohibition in 1933, Heineken was the first beer imported into the United States. (Highman, 2009) Heineken has always used a very good strategic method for aiding in the expansion of their company. â€Å"Heinekens position of international preeminence at the dawn of the 21st century was attributable to its two-pronged strategy of exporting its key global brands (Heineken, Amstel, and Murphys) and acquiring or building from scratch foreign breweries with strong local or regional brands. † (Highman, 2009) This bold strategy has allowed Heineken to compete with bigger brands like Anheuser-Busch. The intensity of industry competition and an industry’s profit potential are functions of five forces of competition: the threats posed by new entrants, the power of suppliers, the power of buyers, product substitutes and the intensity of rivalry among competitors. † (Hitt, 2007, p 51) The threats posed by new entrants clearly impact the profitability of the industry by creating alternatives to existing products and getting a share of the market from current companies. There is also a drive towards creating new and different products to combat these newcomers and provide a diversity of selection. However, most new entrants to the brewing industry are unable to compete with the large scale companies because they lack the resources to expand because of barriers. The bargaining power of suppliers has a low impact on the profitability of the brewing industry since supplies of the large scale needed to brew the mass quantities is not readily available all over. Most large scale brewing companies are their own suppliers of ingredients and thus can only be affected due to supply of the products needed. The other items needed are one time purchase orders that are offered by a lot of different suppliers throughout the country. The bargaining power of buyers largely impacts the profitability of the industry. â€Å"Buyers want to buy products at the lowest possible price – the point at which the industry earns the lowest acceptable rate of return on its invested capital. † (Hitt, 2007, p 57) This forces companies to keep their prices competitive and low in order to gain more sales. The threat of substitute products has a role in the profitability of the brewing industry. There is an availability of substitutes out there in terms of wine and liquor, and this increases amount of lost sales. This leads to a negative impact on the brewing industry. The final force that could impact the profitability is the intensity of rivalry among competitors. Since the brewing industry is widely concentrated this leads to not much rivalry as there is enough profits to go around. Also since each brewer has differentiated their product slightly, this also leads to a decrease in rivalry. Along with this decrease, there has also been collaboration between so called competitors within foreign markets such as the joint venture between SABMiller and Molson Coors. V. Firm Analysis A core competency is an ability that a firm possesses that can be a source of their competitive advantage over another business or rival. (Hitt, 2007, p 84) A core competency is what can make a business stand out or differentiate them from all the other competing businesses out there. Every business should have something that they are known for or do extremely well, for instance you would not go to McDonalds over Dairy Queen if your focus was desert. Desert in this case would be considered Dairy Queen’s core competency. With this core competency, there are four specific capabilities that stand out. The four elements of a core competency are valuable, rare, costly to imitate, and non-substitutable. (Hitt, 2007, p 86-87) â€Å"Valuable capabilities allow the firm to exploit opportunities or neutralize threats in its external environment. † (Hitt, 2007, p 86) Rare capabilities are exactly that, rare or not very many competitors exhibit them. Costly to imitate are capabilities that other competitors can not imitate very easily or are much to expensive. The final capability is non-substitutable. A non-substitutable capability is one that has no real equivalents in the market or possessed by any other competitor. (Hitt, 2007, p 86-87) In analyzing the brewing industry and the competition within I was not able to find any core competencies that any one brand possessed over another. All three brands have good distribution and a similar product that cannot be easily distinguishable between consumers or is based on individual likes. The competition between these companies is based on consumer’s reactions alone. There is really no competitive advantage gained by any company through distribution or production since all can mass produce and distribute to a multitude of markets. There is also a great deal of cooperation between brewers in certain markets, where the two companies will merge in a certain region to result in a better distribution. This cooperation really depends on the market share and can benefit two companies if the market is dominated by a third. Since the brewing industry is a very global market, it is hard to find core competencies that separate these companies from each other. In the value chain analysis, a company is able to evaluate their operations that find which is creating value within the business and those that are not. (Hitt, 2007, p 89) The value chain analysis is broken up into two types of activities, primary and support. The primary activities are those activities that are directly related to the production, sale and distribution of the physical product a company produces, while the support activities are those activities that provide the support needed to aid the primary activities. Hitt, 2007, p 89) In analyzing the primary activities of the competition we will use Porter’s value chain arrow. †¢Primary Activities oInbound Logistics oOperations oOutbound Logistics oMarketing and Sales oService †¢Support Activities oProcurement oTechnological Development oHuman Resources Management oFirm Infrastructure With regards to outbound logistics, SABMiller, who has a presence in more than 60 countries, has been able to use their vast s ize and capital to maximize their value and competitive advantage. (Jiwa, 2008, p 3. ) The SABMiller Company has been able to set itself aside by creating a solid sales and marketing campaign. â€Å"As SABMiller seeks to understand consumer preferences and create brand portfolios that are relevant and appealing, they have a strong competitive advantage in their ‘market mapping’ system – a formal process identifying the main clusters of consumer preference in any given market and comparing these with the brands currently on offer. † (Jiwa, 2008, p 3. 1) Although this is a competitive advantage for SABMiller, it is not according to the four criteria a core competency. In terms of support activities, SABMiller has used procurement to gain a competitive advantage. â€Å"In recent years, raw materials such as malt, glass and aluminum have been rising in price and one way SABMiller mitigate these effects is by using their global scale to purchase more efficiently. † (Jiwa, 2008, p 3. 2) While this strategy that SABMiller utilizes does help to gain value, this is not considered a core competency according to the criteria. The Molson Coors Brewing Company have been able to stay competitive by utilizing an increase in technological development. This new planning software will optimize the supply chain and create more value. Like their competitors, Molson Coors has a vast product line and an even more vast distribution area. â€Å"Infor (software company) says the solution enables Molson Coors to manage inventory and production for all sites while also factoring in capacity constraints of production, warehousing and distribution. † (Infor Co Press Release, 2007) The director of supply chain planning for Molson Coors had this to say â€Å"The accuracy from the additional detail enables us to reduce inventories while maintaining our high customer service levels. While this certainly helps Molson Coors create more value, it is not a core competency according to the criteria. Since the brewing industry has been around, there will always be new innovations and technologies that give one company a slight temporary advantage over the other, but with this fast paced environment it really comes down to the product and the ind ividual’s taste buds. â€Å"Resources, capabilities, and core competencies provide the foundation of competitive advantage. † (Hitt, 2007, p 79) These three ideals all interact and are based on one another. â€Å"Resources are the source of a firm’s capabilities. Resources are bundled to create organizational capabilities. Capabilities in turn are the source of firm’s core competencies. † (Hitt, 2007, p 79) Quality resources, both tangible and intangible are a very important part of the brewing industry. It can go from using the best ingredients, to having the best people, or even utilizing the best management and business style. Once the resources are in place, a company will have certain capabilities utilizing all it’s resources. These capabilities really exhibit the true mission of the company and are the heart of the business plan. When a company has a capability that no other competitor does, they would have a core competency or a competitive advantage. In the brewing industry, there is such a level playing field in terms of the capabilities of producing the product and distributing it. There are differences in the products, but these competitors all have a wide variety of types that are similar to the competition. Being a global market, most of the heavy hitters of the brewing industry have breweries in different locations so no advantage is gained there. Since there are no apparent sustainable competitive advantages that one company posses over another and certainly not with Anheuser-Busch, how is it that Anheuser-Busch remain the front runner in the Brewing industry. Anheusuer-Busch has utilized a great marketing plan to establish them and give them a great brand equity that people can rely on. â€Å"When it comes to building a brand from the ground up, or growing an established member of the Anheuser-Busch family of beers, the 130-year-old brewery’s marketing teams xcel at defining the concept, identifying the brand’s growth opportunities, and creating the perfect marketing and media mix to maximize public exposure and affinity for the brand. † (Anheuser-Busch, 2007) This marketing design while obviously giving Anheusuer-Busch an advantage over the years, is not sustainable since it can be imitated or substituted. VI. Recommendations Anheuser-Busch has continued to dominate the industry by creating brand domina nce over the competition. I believe that if Anheuser-Busch can keep their marketing and advertising above the others, they will continue to lead the industry. Over the past 30 years, one of the most successful ways Budweiser and Bud Light have solidified their brand image is through sports sponsorships. † (Anheuser-Busch, 2007) Creating sponsorships throughout the professional sports arena as well as special events helps Anheuser-Busch to secure the global loyalty it has enjoyed in the past. When Anheuser-Busch partners with an event as a sponsor it greatly increases its brand image with the people that are associated with the event. These people will feel closer to the brand since they are a supporter of something they are into.

The Fire Sermon Analysis Essay Example

The Fire Sermon Analysis Paper Sofilda Totoni March 3rd, 2011 Lit 216 â€Å"The Fire Sermon† Analysis. This section, and the longest of Elliot’s â€Å"The Waste Land†, depicts poor, gloomy, lethargic scenery in which the themes of lust, sexual ambiguity, moral degradation, spiritual melancholy, abound throughout the poem. The poet himself often embodies the role of ancient and mythological figures to which he alludes in order to strike the readers infatuation. He continually reminds us that beauty, love, passions which was once food for the soul, are turned to slaves of our egoistical, materialistic, relished physical needs. The central character is the poet himself who often takes on the roles of the Fisher King and Tiresias in order to convey his message. The other characters, Actaeon and Dian replaced by Sweeney and Mr. Porter, Thames’s daughters, The clerk and the typist, Queen Elizabeth with her suitor Earl of Leicester;-all these are foil and flat characters who although taken from, and alluded to past, famous literary works, their presence and revelation is to unveil the narrator’s major themes and ideas. These characters are stereotypes or archetypes throughout the work. The scenery and images implied in the work play a major role in describing and interpreting the contextual setting of a pictorial framework. Elliot opens this section with the image of a river in late autumn, or early winter: â€Å"The River’s tent is broke; the last fingers of leaf clutch and sink into the wet bank. the nymphs are departed. Elliot cites here Spencer’s â€Å"Prothalamion† with the line: â€Å"Sweet Thames, run softly till I end my song†. He takes us to Spencer’s Thames and ‘bridal song’ that suggests celebrating life and happiness along Thames. He quickly changes scenery and contrasts this setting with the one he’s witnessing. We will write a custom essay sample on The Fire Sermon Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Fire Sermon Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Fire Sermon Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer He’s sitting by the Leman-French for Lake Geneva, where he witnesses degradation, elements of the modern world-â€Å"empty bottles, sandwich papers, cardboard boxes, cigarette ends†. Then Elliot starts weeping. His tears are reference to a passage from the Bible, Psalm 137, in which the people of Israel cry by the river as they remember Jerusalem. The image of death and urban decay is further revealed:-â€Å"a cold blast, bones rattle, and a rat creeps through vegetation /dragging its slimy belly on the bank†. The rat symbolizes grossness, filth, moral corruption of the modern world. The rat also illustrates Elliot’s spiritual world; he feels disappointed, belittled â€Å"fishing in the dull canal†, and just like the rat who creeps through trash in search for food, the poet himself is in search for food for the soul, he wants to infiltrate through the rubbish material he is presented, and find the spiritual muse for his further works. Elliot takes on the role of The Fisher King alluding to Jessie L Weston’s â€Å"From Ritual to Romance† and its description of the Grail Legend. The poet also combines the â€Å"Tempest† Shakespeare’s drama elements which are also used in earlier lines of â€Å"The Waste Land† in referral to Grail Legend. Musing upon the king my brother’s wreck/and on the king my father’s death before him. The ill, impotent King Fisher embodied by Elliot, describes the wasteland that stretches before him: -white bodies naked on the low damp ground† and bones scattered in a little dry garret/Rattled by the rat’s foot only, year to year† Once again, the rats appear again to portray a hell setting. Elliot proceeds to the allusion of John Day’s â€Å"The Parliament of Bees† that describes the tale of Actaeon and Diana accordingly referred by â€Å"Sweeney and Mrs. Porter. â€Å"The sound of horns and motors which shall bring Sweeney to Mrs. Porter in the spring† Later on he alludes to Verlaine’s Parisfal , where Parisfal resisted the seduction of Kundry which in turn as a sign of respect washed his feet paralleling with the adulteress who washed the feet of Christ to be redeemed. It is evident that throughout these lines the love motif becomes apparent and indicative of young, passionate emotions which later on turn to lust and immorality. The next four bizarre lines: Twit twit twit/jug jug jug/ So rudely forc’d Tereu; refer to describe the sound of Philomela as nightingale. Twit, twit twit –seem to recall a bird’s song. It all goes back in† A game of Chess† to the story of the woman who was violated and took her revenge. â€Å"So rudely forc’d† refers to Tereu’s violation. The moral degradation goes on as the narrator takes us to another scene and image description. The â€Å"Unreal City† takes the reader back to London. Mr Eugenides , the Smyrna merchant, carrying a pack of of forbidden mysteries, invites the narrator to luncheon at Cannon Street hotel and a weekend at the Metropole. The narrator then takes on the role of Tiresias, the â€Å"Old man with wrinkled female breasts†. Elliot does it again. He evives, recasts once again mythology as a modern aspect to compare cheap sexual encounters with the pure and noble young love. Tiresias, the blind prophet, ironically sits back and watches the young clerk and typist indulge in sex and lust, looking beyond the potential romance that any relationship carries. â€Å"Endeavors to engage her in caresses †¦flushed and decided , he assaulted at once; Exploring hands encounter no defence; After the passionate sex has been consummated, the young man departs as a stranger creeping up in darkness â€Å"gropes his way, finding the stairs unlit†. The young woman barely notices his departures, showing a gesture of indifference â€Å"Well now that’s done: and I’m glad it’s over†-she feels alone, empty in vague, and lost in confusion-â€Å" Paces about her room again, alone/smoothes her hair with automatic hand, And puts a record on the gramophone† The musicality of the poem takes the poet and the reader to quiet, peaceful and relaxing places:-a public bar in Lower Thames/The pleasant whining of a mandolin/Where fishermen longue at noon/the walls of Magnus Martyr hold inexplicable splendor of Ionian white and gold† The splendor serenity is disrupted by the lamented song of Thames three daughters †Weilalala leia-Wallala leialala†. The poet here takes the theme and the story from Spencer’s Gotterdammerung â€Å"The Rhine daughters†. The three daughters sing and weep about their mournful love stories and betrayals. One of them recalls the promises her lover made â€Å" He wept. He promised â€Å"a new start†. She scornfully recalls and regrets those times with deep shame and embarrassment:- â€Å"I can connect nothing with nothing. The broken fingernails of dirty hands†. Among the Rhine’s daughter’s tragic stories, Elliot recalls and brings back Queen Elizabeth’s and Earl of Leicester relationship which although in reality characterized by a pure and noble-natured relationship, in the poem is depicted as heroic and passionate, thus following the trend of contemporary life. The author again alludes to past authoritative figures by means of irony and parody to whip the social occurrences and trends that ruin such purity and nobility. The poem ends with the references to St Augustine’s Confessions and Buddha’s Fire Sermon which represent the western and eastern asceticism. Just as the title of this section of poem suggests, Buddha warned against surrender to the senses which are â€Å"on fire†. When the disciple becomes purged of passion , he becomes free†-Through metaphor, symbolism, and allusion the sermon thus serves as a lesson preached and delivered to the reader with a strong message: â€Å"Do not surrender to the dangers of youthful lust† Elliot’s style, language and form makes him the father of modernism. His use of irony, satire, dramatic monologues, language slangs and shifts to foreign phrases; the quotations and citations to mythology, Old Testament, historical figures; the intensive notes which are deep and obscure, the musical tones that penetrate the poem;-these and other artistic elements give the poem a disjointed nature but unique at the same time. Citations and References: Elliot’s footnotes Eliot, T. S. (1963). Collected Poems, 1909-1962. New York: Harcourt, Brace World Gish, Nancy (1988). The Waste Land: A Students Companion to the Poem. Boston: The sixth edition of The Norton Anthrology of English Literature. Jennifer Sorensen Emery-Peck â€Å"Tom and Vivien Eliot Do Narrative in Different Voices: Mixing Genres in The Waste Land’s Pub

Coats of Arms Sample Essay

Coats of Arms Sample EssayWhen creating a Coat of Arms sample essay, there are many key elements that must be considered. First, the type of the Coat of Arms that is to be used. There are three types of memorials: heraldic, civil and plain. Each type comes with its own unique history and development as well as its own subtle differences.The heraldic Coat of Arms may have several different components. For example, the royal crest that we all recognize is only one component of this type of armorial. Another component could be the family crest that is associated with that Royal crest. A third component is the shield that may be placed on the main Coat of Arms. The shield itself has an important function in the design of the Coat of Arms.The civil arms of the state could have many different components. These include the family crest. This crest could be the crest that is located on the Coat of Arms. This crest is extremely important because it is often what the entire design of the Coat of Arms is based on. The crest could be another key component to the entire design of the Coat of Arms.The simplest form of a Coat of Arms is the plain armorial. Many people choose to create this type of armorial simply because it is the simplest of all. No one person had to invest time and money into the overall design and symbolism of the coat of arms. This type of Coat of Arms typically has the main Coat of Arms along with a family crest in the center of the design.With the crest being so important to the overall design of the Coat of Arms, it is also very important to make sure that the crest is unique to the family or individual who is creating the coat of arms. In many cases, the crest can serve as the basis for anew coat of arms design. This way, the crest can be paired with the other elements in the new coat of arms to produce a truly unique coat of arms. It is very easy to see how the crest can serve as a catalyst for a completely new coat of arms design.Whether or not a cr est is utilized in the entire design depends greatly on the designs of the other elements in the design. If the design includes an outline, then the crest will not serve a very important role. However, the crest is usually the most important element in the design. A simple coat of arms sample essay will usually be without a crest.There are a few other common design elements that may be included in the Coat of Arms sample essay. For example, the use of heraldic elements such as the primary coat of arms, the family crest and the shield. All of these elements can work together to create a unique Coat of Arms. Often times, using multiple elements in the design will result in a highly detailed coat of arms. This will make it much easier to understand the design when the crest is present.Coat of Arms sample essays will often include a crest to help define the Coat of Arms. However, it is important to consider the crest when creating the overall design. Not every crest will work in every s ituation and some crests should be used more than others.

Ghazals, Short Lyrical Poems that Blend Arabic and American Cultures

Ghazals, Short Lyrical Poems that Blend Arabic and American Cultures Like  the pantoum, the ghazal arose in another language and has recently come to life in English despite the difficulties of technical translation. Ghazals originated in 8th century Arabic verse, came to the Indian subcontinent with Sufis in the 12th century, and flourished in the voices of the great Persian mystics, Rumi in the 13th century and Hafez in the 14th century. After Goethe became enamored of the form, ghazals became popular among 19th century German poets, as well as more recent generations like the Spanish poet and playwright Federico Garcà ­a Lorca. In the last 20 years, the ghazal has taken its place among the adopted poetic forms used by many contemporary poets writing in English. A ghazal is a short lyric poem composed of a series of about 5 to 15 couplets, each of which stands independently on its own as a poetic thought. The couplets are linked through a rhyme scheme established in both lines of the first couplet and continued in the 2nd line of each following pair of lines. (Some critics specify that this rhyme carried through the 2nd line of each couplet must actually, in strict ghazal form, be the same ending word.) The meter is not strictly determined, but the lines of the couplets must be of equal length. Themes usually are connected to love and longing, either romantic desire for a mortal beloved, or a spiritual longing for communion with a higher power. The closing signature couplet of a ghazal often includes the poet’s name or an allusion to it. Ghazals traditionally invoke universal themes like love, melancholy, desire and address metaphysical questions. Indian musicians like Ravi Shankar and Begum Akhtar made ghazals popular in the United States during the 1960s. Americans also discovered ghazals through the New Delhi poet Agha Shahid Ali, who blended Indo-Islamic traditions with American-style storytelling.