The Fall of Rome: Political and Economic Corruption

Roman Empire bowed to the intensity of political and cone impersonate debasement, remote attacks, alongside cataclysmic events and ailments. The Roman Empire was thought to be a durable domain, be that as it may, Rome oust situated a lot of debasement, both strategically and financially. Rome had an aggregate of 19 e heads from 235285 CE ( Document A ). Thirteen of the nineteen sovereigns either were, or were accepted to have been, killed. An example Of death in eminence implies the FAA CT that individuals were discontent with their rulers.Along with that, a consistent difference in heads mama squeezes it difficult for anything to complete, in light of the fact that as the new sovereign assumes control over needs regularly change. The Roman monetary and equity framework was especially for the affluent: â€Å"†¦ A [wee Itty lawbreaker]†¦ Is not rebuffed for his bad form, while a poor man.. Experiences I lady punishment. † ( Document E ). This bad form caused for the d estitute individuals to dismiss their own home, the peep eel turned out to be less ready to battle to keep their domain thriving.Rome, however saw as this huge, solid, and unbreakable realm, this was not the situation. Carelessness lead to the relinquishment of the standard protection and march grog fix drills. The Roman fighters battled without shield on the grounds that the protective layer turned out to be excessively substantial, f or the men never wore them.. Michael Grant expresses that, â€Å"There can be little uncertainty that the small nesses of the late Roman armed force was to a great extent due to the inevitable failure† ( Document B ). The absence of prepared fighters brought about numerous issues, as outlined in Document C Rome was available to a wide range of invaders.Rome comes up short on the characteristic fringes some old human advancements, for example, G rice had. Because of the absence of outskirts The Hunks effectively ousted the Roman individuals. Sin s e â€Å"The Hunks surpass any meaning of savagery† ( Document D) he undeveloped, sluggish, and unprotected Roman fighters got no opportunity of triumph. Cataclysmic events and sicknesses caused for a speedy drop of Roman populace; † Fifty thousand people had lost their lives in the flood [in the city Of Alexandria all en]†¦ ( Document With such a large number of lives lost the measure of individuals to help secure the nation fell enormously. This absence of individuals make it significantly simpler for the as of now severely better Hunks than ova counters the â€Å"almighty' Rome. On the off chance that Rome had not been influenced by such solid debacles and illness more warriors would have had the option to add to battling the Hunks. Rome could have gone on for a more extended timeframe notwithstanding the political and financial corruption.The domain may even now be endeavoring today if the Roman fighters would have stayed persistent, despite everything rehear sing their walks. Becoming used to their defensive layer so t hello could really wear it in battle. If not for the absence of common outskirts in the enormous MME rage the Hunks might not have had the option to immerse the land. Another report that would be into resting to peruse would be about how the Hung warriors felt while attacking and overcoming this remote land.

Influenza Vaccine Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Flu Vaccine - Research Paper Example This is to control the occasional flu. Flu antibody is legitimate on the logical and general wellbeing banter. The elderly folks individuals who are normally more than 65 old enough might be in danger of getting flu. There is a need to complete a wide vaccination to the matured. In any case, data accessible in certain nations might be restricted. The information must be indicated that the elderly folks individuals are in danger of flu. This information must be gathered and made accessible on the premise that they can be utilized appropriately (Steckel, 2007, P.90). The regular old gathering must be introduced similar information with the goal that they can comprehend that they are in danger. Instruction is a key for them. They have to know the realities about flu. Advancement of ventures for more grounded advancement of flu immunization among the old for both their own advantage, and that of their nearby guardians. Offering routine free inoculation to the old urges them to proceed. T his should be possible by setting up strategies that will give the old a superior life when contaminated with flu. Monetary and regulatory boundaries ought to be evacuated on the grounds that they keep the older people from accepting flu immunization, utilization of standing projects ought to be presented. Procedures must be set up to guarantee the execution of fruitful flu antibody. Work force ventures staff that are to be comprised in each given region and exclusively be liable for offering antibodies to the old and the debilitated. Self-announcing systems and information presented by those are answerable for caring the elderly individuals. Offering needs to the old and the incapacitated will empower them as opposed to letting them follow up on their own. With regards to overseeing the antibody, the old ought to be all around educated and gave the important help. The individuals who are close should help urge the old to take the immunizations and teach them that they will have a l ess danger of introduction to transmission of flu. Giving free vehicle to the matured and assist them with getting the antibody at a lower cost, energizes them since they have less to battle. Following of antibodies Use of managerial information This should effortlessly be possible by giving marks and handouts to patients who have been given the immunization. This will help follow the sum and the utilization of the antibody. In different situations, the backer may wish to modify or change the name of the item with the goal that it incorporates the one of a kind code of the antibody. Organic information This is finished by a specialist report or a present master report. The accompanying information might be utilized. Inspecting and breaking down the piece of the immunization, and utilization of clinical preliminary equation. Here and there the headway of the antibody can be identified with the assembling equation. This gives the genuine equation of the antibody impacts and following. The duplicate of affirmed particulars of the immunization can be recorded in a plain structure and afterward broke down fundamentally. On the off chance that the antibody has a type of result, for example the entry level, at that point the equivalent can be estimated. Every one of the working impacts can be contrasted with the affirmed details. Soundness tastes now and again is fundamental for acceptable following outcomes. A month to month or a yearly security testing control is now and again great to follow. Clinical information An all around overhauled report or an addendum, which is identified with the present master report, can be utilized. In different trial of clinical examinations, following of new immunization is

time travel Essay -- essays research papers

For a long time travel was the stuff of sci-fi. This was all simply part of the world’s creative mind as of not long ago. Researchers presently accept that the momentum laws of material science permit us to travel however time. They accept that we would now be able to venture out back to see our establishing fathers sign the presentation of freedom. We could head out to 2999 to observe the introduction of the following new thousand years. Such travel would require a machine equipped for withstanding extraordinary weights and mind blowing measures of speed. The demonstration of really voyaging however time is generally, settled upon, yet the ramifications of such travel isn't so chosen. A wide range of scholars have various perspectives on what could occur and some go, similarly as to state that on the off chance that we traveled to the past, we would wind up in an alternate universe that is a copy of this one. One of the most fundamental ideas is that of Dilation, an extending of something. A few researchers accept that the fundamental portal to the past or future is a wormhole. Einstein’s general relativity hypothesis clarifies about all inclusive constants, this is essential to comprehend the ideas of movement at light speed. Going to the past could make issues on the off chance that somebody attempted to change something. This is a Catch 22. A couple of these Catch 22s are clarified using quantum mechanics. Cruising however the universe at the speed of light with no time cruising us by, moving all through time to observe the old Egyptians make their magnum opuses. This is an energizing idea that we could really figure and make occur. Prior to the hour of Einstein, Newton and other incredible agents thought of room as a limitless region in which everything exist (Hewitt 213). We are in space and we live in it alongside the entirety of the planets and stars. It was rarely clear if the universe exists in space or space exists known to mankind. Portion space exists outside the universe or just inside its limits. The comparative inquiry, does the universe exist just in time or does time just exist known to man? Was there time before the universe, and will there be time after it stops to exist? â€Å"Einstein’s answer to this is reality just exist inside the universe. There is no time or space ‘outside.’(Hewitt 213)† Einstein said that existence are two separate pieces of an entire called space-time (Hewitt 213). To get this, consider our presen... ... all his work. His more youthful self could recreate the works of art and significantly and unalterably influencing the eventual fate of craftsmanship. This would include no innovative vitality by the â€Å"inventor.† The proliferations would exist since they are duplicates from the first and the firsts exist since they are duplicates of the generations. No imaginative vitality could ever must be advanced to make these perfect works of art. In light of the order chief time travel, by certain, has been precluded. The universe anticipate us, and the historical backdrop of our reality is readily available. Would we utilize this incredible influence for good, terrible, and riches? We should simply get in our spaceship, set sail for the closest wormhole, and trust in a little karma, and we can observer things just recounted in stories. Just the voyager can chose what the person wishes to return for. The speculations today express that going through time is conceivable, anyway they don't state what could be the repercussions of our activities. This extraordinary wilderness anticipates us; we have the information, and are gradually however sullen building up the innovation. The truth will surface eventually when time itself no longer standards our lives as one of the main changes of the general constitution.

Alioramus - Facts and Figures

Alioramus - Facts and Figures Name: Alioramus (Greek for various branch); articulated AH-lee-goodness RAY-muss Natural surroundings: Forests of Asia Verifiable Period: Late Cretaceous (70-65 million years prior) Size and Weight: Around 20 feet in length and 500-1,000 pounds Diet: Meat Recognizing Characteristics: Moderate size; various teeth; hard peaks on nose About Alioramus A terrible part has been disconnected about Alioramus since the time a solitary, deficient skull was found in Mongolia in 1976. Scientistss accept this dinosaur was a medium-sized tyrannosaur firmly identified with another Asian meat-eater, Tarbosaurus, from which it contrasted in the two its size and in the particular peaks running along its nose. Similarly as with numerous dinosaurs recreated from fractional fossil examples, however, not every person concurs that Alioramus was such its supposed to be. A few scientistss keep up that the fossil example had a place with an adolescent Tarbosaurus, or maybe was not left by a tyrannosaur at everything except by a completely extraordinary sort of meat-eating theropod (henceforth this dinosaurs name, Greek for various branch). An ongoing investigation of a second Alioramus example, found in 2009, demonstrates that this dinosaur was significantly more unusual than recently suspected. Notably, this assumed tyrannosaur donned a line of five peaks on the facade of its nose, each around five inches in length and not exactly an inch high, the reason for which is as yet a secret (the most probable clarification is that they were an explicitly chosen characteristicthat is, guys with greater, increasingly conspicuous peaks were progressively alluring to females during mating seasonsince these developments would have been totally futile as a hostile or guarded weapon). These equivalent knocks are likewise observed, though in quieted structure, on certain examples of Tarbosaurus, yet more proof that these may have been very much the same dinosaur.

An Understanding of Rossettis Methods and Concerns in Promises Like Piecrust - Literature Essay Samples

Promises like Piecrust by Christina Rossetti relates a narrative between a speaker and beloved in regards to the other’s romantic attraction towards the speaker. The title of the poem is taken from the expression ‘Promises are like pie crust, they are made to be broken’, likening the difficulty of keeping a promise to the fragility of pie crusts, a thing that is easily broken. The title captures, in essence, the running theme throughout this Rossetti poem, that promises, and perhaps people, are fragile and fleeting. Rossetti structures the poem in an argumentative fashion, acting as a plea to the addressee of the poem. The steady seven-syllable meter reflecting the speaker’s stable emotional and mental state when presenting her argument against her beloved, painting the speaker as reasonable and unencumbered by emotion. The alternating rhyme (ABAB/CDCD) is suggestive of a lack of mutuality between the two parties, with neither of them being able to meet the other in terms of their wants in the relationship. It suggests a sense of wavering in the speaker, who perhaps is not as certain as she seems.The paradoxical opening line in the first stanza of ‘Promise me no promises’ and the following line ‘So will I not promise you;’ suggests the speaker wanting a non-committal relationship between the two parties, with the speaker somehow finding security in the lack of security due to the absence of promises between each other. The line ‘Keep we both our liberties,à ¢â‚¬â„¢ implies a high need for independence on part of the speaker who does not want to be bound to the beloved, which is something of an oddity in the Victorian era where marriage for a woman was a gateway towards financial security, thus the speaker could be read as breaking free of her patriarchal bonds as well. Alternatively it could also be read as the speaker setting the beloved free from possible commitment to her, suggesting a feeling of unworthiness or inferiority, which is supported by the line ‘free to come and free to go’, with the repetition of the word free further highlighting the speaker’s need for freedom from attachment, or freedom in general. The antithesis of ‘false’ and ‘true’ is coloured by the prefix of ‘never’, the negation representing the inability of either party to be able to emotionally affect the other if the beloved takes heed to the speaker’s earlier request in the first two lines. Fur thermore, the ‘die’ is symbolic of chance, thus of the risk that needs to be undertaken in order any outcome in their relationship, with the word ‘uncast’ shows that the speaker is unwilling to take that risk. The final two lines of the stanza begin to develop the theme of the unknowable past of both the speaker and her beloved, for the line ‘for I cannot know your past’ suggests that the beloved might be harbouring past secrets from the speaker. A common method of Rossetti would be her usage of rhetorical questions, which she uses to shroud her poems with a sense of intrigue and mystery, an example of which would be in her poem ‘Winter: My Secret’. The usage of a rhetorical question in the final line (‘And of mine what can you know?’) would achieve a similar effect, drawing in readers to speculate on answers not freely given. On the other hand, it could also be read as the speaker taunting the beloved, implying that h e is unable to fully comprehend the speaker, The second stanza is further development on the pasts of both the speaker and the beloved. An accusatory tone is levied against the beloved in the first line, especially if one were to read phrase ‘so warm’ as sarcastic. There is a trace of jealousy in the speaker in the line ‘warmer towards another one’, impliedly stating that the beloved was more attentive and loving in a past relationship, thus her jealous disposition possibly arising from a lack of clarity about her beloved’s faithfulness. However, the usage of the word ‘may’ adds a degree of speculation towards the speaker’s recount of her beloved is passed, could perhaps be indicative of some form of paranoia, possibly stemming from a sense of insecurity on the speaker’s part. Rossetti seems to further intensify the speculative aspect further in the stanza with the rhetorical question of ‘Who shall show us if it was/Thus indeed in time of old’, indicating the speaker herself is uncertain how the past relationships unfolded. Structurally, the first and third line of the stanza is nearly identical with the same rhythm and caesura placement, forming a mutual bond between the speaker and the beloved. Moreover. the antithesis of ‘You’ and ‘I’, as well as warm and cold, can be inferred as the intrinsic, irreconcilable differences between the two, or their current emotional disposition towards each other. Given the context, ‘Sunlight’ can be taken as a metaphor for a past relationship of the speaker, while ‘felt the sun’ could be read as the speaker being more passionate in the past compared to her ‘coldness’ in the present. Other than that, the repetition of ‘once have’ is representative of the speaker’s clear fixation on the past, indicative of the speaker being unable to move on and perhaps is in a state of emotional limbo, thus being unable to properly commit herself to a new relationship. A juxtaposition of the past and present adds credence to the speaker’s argument that the two parties should not be involved in a relationship with each other, for impliedly their past relationships both ended even though they were apparently (according to the speaker) warmer and more loving back then. Thus, it is reasonable to assume that if they were to enter a relationship with each other in their current states, it would be bound to end in failure. The stanza ends with fading imagery, suggesting the unattainability of their relationship or the unpredictability of the future if they were to involve themselves in one. Critic Jens Kiefer provides some interesting insight on the usage of metaphorical imagery in the stanza, stating ‘Her strategy of representing the past as something that can be reconstructed only in the form of allusions, therefore looks suspiciously like an attempt to divert attention from her real reason for declini ng to enter into a romantic relationship: fear’. Alternatively, the usage of allusion could be representative the speaker clinging too fondly to the past, being unable to describe it in its entirety for fear of dragging old memories back to the surface. The final stanza reintroduces the concept of promises and personal liberty, acting as a continuation of the theme from the first stanza. An antithesis of ‘you’ and ‘I’ echoes the earlier stanza, involving a parallel structure. While the antithesis was earlier used to describe their emotional states in their past relationships, here it serves as a warning from the speaker of the dangers if they were to ‘promise’ each other, which is euphemistic for the consequences emotional commitment towards each other. Commitment is in fact highly negatively slanted by the speaker, claiming that the beloved ‘might grieve for lost liberty’, with the alliteration seemingly emphasising her point, whilst the usage of the word ‘again’ could be referencing his past relationship, where he actually did express negativity towards his former commitment. The speaker also slants herself as being unable to commit, likening a relationship to a â₠¬â„¢chain’, as if treating it as a form of imprisonment on her behalf. A reasonable argument is developed by the speaker, taking into account the consequences a relationship would have on the beloved and herself. It could also, however, be deemed as irrational or overly pessimistic, as the speaker clearly focuses on the negatives of a relationship and has little mention of the positives. Rossetti’s poetry often paints love in a bleak nature, possibly stemming from her own rejection of romantic advances, usually arising from religious differences between herself and the suitor, such as with the case of Charles Bagot Cayley, who she rejected due to agnostic beliefs. However, remained lifelong friends. The idea of friendship is the driving force behind the last half of the final stanza, where reverting to this former state of their relationship (‘Let us be the friends we were,’) would allow them to avoid the sufferance of heartbreak. The line ‘Nothing more but nothing less’ is structurally balanced due to the antithesis of ‘more’ and ‘less’, thus friendship can be interpreted as a happy medium or compromise for the speaker and the beloved. A moralizing dimension is added to the final two lines of the poem The antithesis of ‘thrive’ and ‘perish’ as well as, and in connection to ‘fr ugal’ and ‘excess’ suggests that the speaker is speaking of a universal truth regarding the effects of love on friendship, which is that it would cause friendship to ‘perish’. Conversely, the speaker might be making one desperate, final plea towards the beloved in order to convince him at the frailty of an attempted relationship, or perhaps even to convince herself. Promises like Piecrust is a poem in which relationships are slanted as always doomed to failure, with the constant mention of liberty and an inability to uphold promises as perhaps indicative of a fear of giving up too much in order to gain seemingly marginal benefits. The complicated dance between love and friendship is as common now as it was then. On the basis of Rossettis verses, constant friendship is far better than a slice of temporary perfection.

Diabetes Prevention Programme - Free Essay Example

INTRODUCTION Diabetes is a health problem that affects people despite their age. The program targets the young and working class generation through social media campaigns. The purpose of this project is to spread awareness of what courses diabetes, how to avoid becoming diabetic by living a healthy life and how to live with diabetes. BACKGROUND In the past, diabetes was associated with aging people. However, today its course has changed. It would not be a surprise to hear a case of a five-year child who has diabetes. There are adverse conditions that come along with diabetes, which mostly affects the eyes, kidneys, feet, nerves, heart, and brain. A lot of myths have been formed behind the courses and cures of diabetes. A large population lives at risk of getting diabetes and some already living with diabetes. People have been misguided by theories formulated as to the course of diabetes, and most of them are not aware of the real courses or how they can avoid being diabetic. The young generation needs to be aware of the risk their lifestyle puts them in and how it can affect them in future. GOALS AND OBJECTIVES The aim of the project is to bring awareness to the general population on living healthy with diabetes or living healthy to avoid it. The project will focus on correcting mythical concepts that have been instilled in most peoples minds, I being one of them till recently. Most believe that diabetes is coursed by consuming a lot of sugar, which is halfway true. Others believe that only obese people are at risk of becoming diabetic while some think its a disease that only affects the older generation. These some of the myths and misconceptions that we need to bring awareness to fight diabetes effectively. Science has not proved the exact course of diabetes yet, but in most cases, it has been associated with the genetic history of a person. However, by living a healthy life, even people with a diabetic gene history have been able to avoid the disease. The main areas that will be covered by this campaign are nutrition and physical fitness. First of all, theres the theory that I f you are overweight or obese, you will eventually develop type 2 diabetes.(Diabetes Myths) Thats not factually true. Its true that overweight people are at risk of developing diabetes, but statistically, most of them dont, and a lot of people with normal weight are living with diabetes. It is advisable that people should live a healthy life and maintain a normal body weight, but that should not be the only factor to consider as a way to prevent diabetes. Then theres the saying that Eating too much sugar causes diabetes.(Diabetes Myths.) When it comes to health, not everything is in black and white. While diabetes is an effect of the body being unable to regulate the levels of sugar in the blood, sugar will always be necessary whether someone has diabetes or not. However, lifestyle behaviors do matter a lot when determining when a lot of sugar is too much sugar. The American Diabetes Association recommends that people should avoid intake of sugar-sweetened beverages to help preve nt diabetes. Most American food and beverages manufacturers now offer non-fat options on of their products. This is mainly due to a campaign by scientists in the 1960s that fat was the main course of obesity and heart disease (OConnor, Anahad). To date people hold the same believe and companies opted to add more sugar to their products while reducing fat. This sweetening greatly increases the level of blood sugar which eventually leads to diabetes. From the above incident, we see a situation where people consume too much sugar even without their knowledge. For example, Just one 12-ounce can of regular soda has about 150 calories and 40 grams of carbohydrate. This is the same amount of carbohydrate in 10 teaspoons of sugar. (Grains and Starchy Vegetables.) Bringing awareness to the amount of sugar we consume in products would be a great step towards combating diabetes. Then theres a myth that People with diabetes should eat special diabetic foods.(Grains and Starchy Vegetabl es.) The answer to this is that everyone should practice a healthy diet. The recommended diet for everyone should be low in saturated and trans fat, moderate in salt and sugar, with meals based on lean protein, non-starchy vegetables, whole grains, healthy fats, and fruit. Diabetic foods do not mainly hold any special benefit, and they tend to be more expensive than standard food. THE INTERVENTION The myths are many, but the sure way to live healthy with or without diabetes is the right diet and keeping your body fit. The aim is not to drastically change peoples lifestyle to suit a documented version of healthy living. The objective is to teach people to change their diet and lifestyle for better health gradually. Regarding fitness it the campaign would recommend simple exercises as we go through our day to day activities. Most people consider exercises as going to the gym and burning as many calories as you can, but the truth is that act as simple as walking is a form of exercise. The main message about fitness should be anything that gets you moving, such as walking, dancing, or working in the yard. The major focus of this proposal has been on a diet. The myths behind it and what to avoid and what to add. The message will still be the same if you want to eat grains, eat whole grains, and if you have to take a beverage, take a non-sweetened drink. These messages might be simple but would go a long combat the ever-growing risk of diabetes. As said, the main focus of the project is to bring awareness to people on how they can avoid or live with diabetes by practicing a healthy living. The main target is the younger and working class generations who interact with new technology on a daily basis. The target group has the highest population, and its more active in other things in the society. However, a large number in this group interact with the internet on a daily basis, and some are using social media as their main form of interaction with the society. Its easier, faster and cheaper to provide targeted campaigns through social media than any other platform. EVIDENCE THAT THIS WILL WORK Like HIV/AIDS diabetes has no cure. However, in the last three decades, we have seen increased effort added in creating awareness to the public about HIV/AIDS, how to live with it and how to avoid getting infected. This has seen the number of infections reduce by over 10% between 2010 and 2016. The number of deaths for those infected has also reduced, and theres an increased life expectancy. This is due to healthy living even if the virus does not have a cure (HIV in the United States | Statistics Overview | Statistics Center | HIV/AIDS | CDC.). If the equal amount of effort is directed to creating awareness about HIV/AIDS is directed to creating awareness about diabetes. There would be a significant fall in diabetic cases since unlike AIDS, diabetes is not contagious. In the long run, this would save the world approximately 245 billion dollars spent annually on diabetes cases in the United States alone (Type 2 Diabetes Statistics and Facts.). Work cited Diabetes Myths.? American Diabetes Association, 2017, https://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/myths. Grains and Starchy Vegetables.? American Diabetes Association, 2017, https://www.diabetes.org/food-and-fitness/food/what-can-i-eat/making-healthy-food-choices/grains-and-starchy-vegetables.html. HIV in the United States | Statistics Overview | Statistics Center | HIV/AIDS | CDC.? Cdc.Gov, 2017, https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/statistics/overview/ataglance.html. OConnor, Anahad. How The Sugar Industry Shifted Blame To Fat.? Nytimes.Com, 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/13/well/eat/how-the-sugar-industry-shifted-blame-to-fat.html. Type 2 Diabetes Statistics And Facts.? Healthline, 2017, https://www.healthline.com/health/type-2-diabetes/statistics.

Comparison and Contrast A Rose for Emily by William...

The short story, as with other literary forms, is not defined by its actual parameters. Subject and theme may be as varied as those within full-length novels, just as the authors individual style plays an inevitable role in shaping the work. That said, there is a common element uniting short stories; they usually create impact due to the brevity itself, which authors typically rely on to make a more direct impression. Condensed, the form offers more overt power, and this is evident in how William Faulkner and Edgar Allan Poe employ it to achieve distinctly Gothic effects. â€Å"A Rose for Emily† and â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† are very different stories set in very different worlds, and the tone of the narration in each is equally†¦show more content†¦This renders the tone more one of reminiscence and, if Faulkners narrator is not as grandiloquent as Poes, he nonetheless paints vivid pictures, as in his description of Emily later in life: â€Å"She look ed bloated, like a body long submerged in water, and of that pallid hue† (Faulkner 3). What may be most interesting in the differences of narrator tone, however, is how each underscores the thrust of the story. Poes extreme voice works to build up to a disturbing conclusion of murder; the exaggeration of Montresors tone conforms to the trajectory of the story. With Faulkner, understatement is the key. His story ends as dramatically, if not more so, than Poes, and the effect of the revealed necrophilia is amplified by how moderately the narrator conveys the tale. If symbolism is an element in both stories, it must be noted that – and ironically – it is far more evident in Faulkner. The irony lies in an expectation of symbolism in Poe because his style is so extreme, whereas it is less expected in Faulkners understatement. Poe does employ the symbolic, certainly; strikingly, Montresors revenge is planned for a night of the carnival, and his victim is dressed in bright colors and with bells on his cap, like a fool. There is as well the blatant symbolism of the Montresor vaults as the scene of the murder. Here, all the prideShow MoreRelatedMurder in the Novels, The Cask of Amontillado by Edgar Allan Poe and A Rose for Emily by William Faulkner733 Words   |  3 Pages The Cask of Amontillado by Edgar Allan Poes and William Faulkners A Rose for Emily are compelling murder stories, full of dynamic characters, vivid detail, and compelling points of view. These two stories encompass the elements of plot, character, setting and point of view among others. Although the elements of the central theme of murder are different, these stories share other elements that make these stories unique. In the short story â€Å"The cask of Amontillado† by Edgar Allan Poe, the basicRead MoreANALIZ TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Words   |  116 Pageselsewhere, most frequently to character or idea. Understanding a plot on a schematic level becomes even more difficult when dealing with works, usually novels, that have more than one plot. Many novels contain one or more subplots that reinforce by contrast or parallel the main plot. Some novels even contain a double plot, as in Thackeray’s â€Å"Vanity Fair†, where we are asked to follow the careers of both the selfish adventuress Becky Sharp and the innocent, good-hearted Amelia Sedley. As Amelia’s fortunes

Business Essays - Corporate Governance - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 11 Words: 3315 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Corporate Governance Executive Summary The main goal of the report is to evaluate the current corporate governance of a certain organization. In this report, the company that has given emphasis is a food retailing company which operates in UK. This company has been able to have effective corporate governance. However, there are still issues that should be given attention in order to ensure that the company is implementing effective corporate governance. The report includes the analysis of the corporate governance structure of the company as well as the issues concerning the board of the organisation. Furthermore, this report also analyses the positive and the negative aspects of the corporate governance implemented in the organisation.All in all it can be concluded that the company has been able to have as strong and systematic corporate governance to ensure quality output. Late in the 1980s, it became apparent that a fundamental shift in the power relationship between a firm’s shareholder s and its professional managers was taking place. Shareholders increased their control over the firm’s professional managers, demanding that managers respond more quickly to poor financial performance and to changes in the competitive environment. Stockholders were becoming increasingly dissatisfied with management’s slowness and the ineffectiveness of their actions in trying to adapt to new environmental conditions. Many stockholders became convinced that management did not keep the shareholders’ interests in mind while developing and implementing new strategies. Numerous stories have appeared in the business press chronicling the efforts of shareholders to exert control over corporate management. Fortune magazine’s January 11, 1993, issue featured a cover story by T. Stewart titled â€Å"The King Is Dead,† proclaiming the death of the imperial corporate presidency (Chaganti Sherman, 1998). An increasing number of chief executive officers have been forced to relinquish control of their organizations to others who will more quickly implement massive corporate change. According to Stapledon (1996), corporate governance can be defined as a system that is used in order to direct and control companies. As a matter of fact, this idea applies to all business sectors all throughout the world such as the banking institutions, financial corporations and other types of businesses such as the retailing industry. In particular, corporate governance refers to the examination of the control of a company as utilized by its directors. In accordance to theory, the directors of public companies are held responsible for their action by their shareholders (Davies, 1999). On the other hand, the authority of the shareholders to influence the behavior of the company directors is limited in practice and is rarely exercised. This then provides directors of considerable power to take action as they see fit. However, this is not always the case as it appears to be relatively different form that of the government in which the action of the officials is slightly restrained by certain actions of the people it governs. Corporate governance, as a term, has come to imply good, in the non-moral as well as the moral sense. Its non-moral applications include efficient decision making, appropriate resource allocation, strategic planning, and so on (Monks Minow, 2001). Nonetheless, in its moral sense good corporate governance has come to be seen as promoting an ethical climate that is both morally appropriate in itself, and consequentially appropriate in that ethical behavior in business is reflected in desirable commercial outcomes (Francis, 2000). Thus, the links here are with due diligence, directors duties, and the general tightening of corporate responsibility. Corporate governance should set a proper example of good intent, and provide for those lower in corporate hierarchies the clear message that it is â€Å"do as I d o† as well as â€Å"do as I say† (Francis, 2000). Middle and lower management find it hard to be ethical when it seems that the top of the corporate hierarchy have no commitment. The message of sincerity will always filter down, and no amount of deception will foster the view that a board is ethical when it plainly is not. Additionally, the commitment to ethical corporate governance by a board will enhance the prospects of an ethical infrastructure within the organization. That ethical infrastructure is a manifestation of the commitment, a means of preventing and resolving ethical problems, and an impressive demonstration of sincerity. Primarily, the objective of this paper is to analyse the corporate governance implemented in the company. Herein, the company that will be given emphasis is a food retailing company. Overview of the Company Kay (1995) stated that food retailing in Britain is dominated by six chains and that the oldest and largest is the company t hat will be analysed in this report. The founder started the company by establishing its first grocery store in south London over a century ago, and the family tradition and the philosophy of good quality products at competitive prices have remained central to the firm ever since. Conservatively managed, the company came to the stock market only in 1973 and since then has expanded steadily from its loyal, and mostly southern, customer base. Founded in the year 1869 in London, John and his wife established their first shop, a dairy business in an area called Drury Lane. Because of the fact that Drury Lane was considered as one of the underdeveloped areas in the city back then, the shop managed to gain recognition in the area as it had products that were inexpensive despite the fact that they were of high-quality. Due to the business’ resounding success, two more shops later on opened at other streets. In the year 1882, the firm already had four shops that were in operati on. But this didn’t stop the owner from further expanding his business. Hence, he unveiled his plans to have a storehouse in a town in northwest London in order to accommodate his growing number of supplies. At the same time, it was in this place that the first brand product of the company, namely bacon kilns, was made. Consequently, it was in the same year that the company opened its first branch in a town called Croydon. Unlike the other towns, Croydon was prosperous. And so, the shop here sold superior quality products. Not to mention, it looked much better than the previous shops that had opened. From here on, Sainsbury would continue to grow. At present, this food retailing has been able to hold on to the lead in the market. As a matter of fact, the company is pretty much advanced in many aspects, especially with regards to technology and of course, its fresh products. The company was the first to be able to use scanning and computerized stock control technology. In a ddition, it had implemented certain techniques such as sales-based ordering. All-in-all, these factors contributed greatly to the company’s competitive advantage that it is currently enjoying. Not to mention, its computerized energy management has helped bring down the consumption of energy. Moving on, the firm has a wide range of products. In fact, during the year 1994, its number of products multiplied more than twice its original number. And as of the moment, the business continues to pride itself with its specialty in fresh foods such as fruits, breads and low-fat milks. Even up to now, their customers continue to demand for even better products which the company efficiently responds to. The corporation is now mainly concentrated on their business in the UK (United Kingdom). This includes the supermarkets, the bank and its recently acquired stores which sells bells. Moreover, the company now has other products which are not food-associated such as home equipment, be auty products, clothing apparel and other general merchandise. As of March 2004, figures indicate that the firm is operating at least 583 supermarkets and it also has 50 banking centers which are housed in the stores themselves and as a result, the workforce has ballooned to about 153,000 people. Nature and Style of Governance It can be said that the company has a very good framework that has been established in order to deal with different corporate matters. In fact, there is usually a properly structured program that is further reinforced by company policies and other procedures for the proper guidance of the directors in their daily duties. Consequently, the company has a clear reference guide to its business operations and corporate governance. The Board of Directors which oversee the businesses and the decision-making routines as well as the financial aspect of things, keeps watch. In addition, this includes the maintenance of the standards with regards to corporate go vernance in the corporation’s different sectors. The Board is made up of ten directors; two are executive while six are non-executive. Because of this, there is a fair division of responsibilities and other tasks among them. And while the non-executive directors are independent from the others, they are still able to contribute their experience and knowledge during Board discussions. Without a doubt, The Board is in-charge of caring for the company’s operations, assets, and its shareholders. All-in-all, the board aims to work with these factors in the hopes of maximizing performance. Because of this, it is The Board that is responsible for the finalization of budgets and strategic plans. And in order to ensure the firm’s competent operations, The Board conducts a monthly review of the company’s businesses in relation to its financial movements. Furthermore, there is a company law that obliges The Board of Directors to carefully prepare each year, a financial report that would have to be accurate and reliable reflecting the true state of the company. All things considered, The Board of Directors is the one that is responsible for the proper safekeeping of accounting statements and to ensure that these records are precise and truthful. In addition, the board is in-charge of guarding the company’s other assets as well as making the necessary steps in order to prevent complications such as fraud and other types of risks. Aside from the board of directors, the company also has other committees as part of their corporate governance. Just like the board, other committees have a well-established reference guide which also discusses their duties and their scope of authority within the corporation.Composed typically of independent directors who are non-executive, the remuneration committee handles the outline for the company’s remuneration policy which would eventually be reviewed by the board. Moreover, this group is a lso responsible for the various remuneration packages that are given to executive directors. On the other hand, there is also a nomination committee which is also made up of mostly non-executive directors. The responsibility of this group is to recommend to The Board on which people should be appointed as directors. Finally, there is also a group known as the audit committee. Compared to the other two, the members of this committee is purely composed of non-executive directors. This group’s duty is to make proper recommendations with regards to the company’s accounting policies as well as overseeing financial control within the corporation (Sternberg, 1998) . For this reason, the committee usually receives and reviews financial reports and other statements delivered to them. Then, they make a comprehensive report before they submit it to The Board. Of course, there is also the group’s evaluation of the risks involved which has always been done to assist with the company’s next business move, and have further control of the corporation’s different operations. Issues Concerning the Board The board of directors is responsible for ensuring that the organization always has the best business performance and corporate governance. However, there are several issues that concern the board. One of which is in terms of the level of skill and care expected of the directors, specifically the non-executive directors. All non-executives should take note of the following comments in the Report, which could well foreshadow the approach of a court: â€Å"It must be recognised that non-executive directors may bring different skills to a board, some quite specialised, and that such persons may have limited accounting experience. However, accounting is not so complicated that such directors should be excused responsibility for the accounts. Accounting issues can be clearly explained so as to be understood by sensible laymen. If accoun ts are gone through carefully, explaining significant items in them, laymen should be able to ask pertinent questions and make informed judgments thereon. If, after all this, the layman cannot understand the companys accounts, then he ought not to be a director of that company. Often it is the director with little accounting experience whose common sense may lead him to question what those with accountancy experience may let pass. The accountings issues in respect of which some make criticisms were nearly all ones which involved no accounting complexity and what was acceptable and what was not should have been obvious to any reasonable director possessed of the facts who sensibly applied his mind to the issue. In most instances, those directors who decided to adopt the accounting were in a better position than the auditors to determine whether the treatment applied was acceptable or not. Those directors were thus not entitled to suspend their own independent judgment and rely upo n the fact that the auditors failed to prevent them from adopting an unacceptable course. Another issue that concerns the Board is in terms of inadequate financial information. There are time that some of the members of the board, never prepared or presented to the Board any consolidated budgets or managements accounts which brought together the budgets and results of all the divisions in the Group. The absence of consolidated management accounts facilitated the practice of unacceptable year end adjustments being made by the accountant directors, unbeknown to most of the other directors, to create extra reported profits. In the last few years, the first the board as a whole knew of the results to be published was when the preliminary or interim announcement was circulated for information at the close of the board meeting that invariably occurred the day prior to announcement. In effect, the board as a whole never discussed the details of the results or what lay behind them. Th e main boards lack of understanding of the composition of the reported results was an extraordinary state of affairs which no director should ever have tolerated. Positive Aspects of Governance The Board has been able to attain complete control of all matters regarding the company. Their self-perseverance and obligation to their duties and finally, their obedience to the company laws all contribute to the development of the corporation. As such, The Board constantly believes that all the data pertaining to financial information and other facts regarding to their operations that are currently being used is reliable. The Board’s authority is clearly recognized within the company. And because of this, it is able to have a solid grip on the corporation’s actual operations, stakeholders and its financial concerns. Needless to say, because of the corporation’s proper structure and its commitment to the stakeholders and to the community as well, the board of dire ctors has proven that it can efficiently handle both its ethical and legal responsibilities. Furthermore, the company is currently maintaining good relations and open communications with its investors. As a matter of fact, shareholders are regularly invited by the corporation whenever there are gatherings to discuss trade updates. Moreover, whenever there is an annual general meeting, investors get the chance to meet The Board members themselves. And of course, for private investors, they can also access the company’s website for various shareholder services. Undoubtedly, the company has good consideration for all of its stakeholders; past, present and future. There definitely seems to be a very well planned framework in the firm’s corporate division. It has good policies and procedures with regards to financial matters and operational concerns. Its procedure of assessing the different kinds of situations that come up is certainly a good move on their part. Not to m ention, they have maintained good relations with their stakeholders. And finally, The Board’s authority is unsurpassed. Clearly, these facts prove the strength of the company’s corporate governance structure. Negative Aspects The weakness on this case however, is the fact that it cannot always be assured that there are no losses or other errors which may result from mistakes and inconsistencies by one of the committees or employees involved. In addition, having diverse populations, there can be a possibility of having internal problems between members who have different culture and beliefs. In addition, some problems occur in terms of giving value to the companies’ shareholders. There are times that the shareholder is not given the enough information about the status of the company, specifically that shareholder which have a small part in the business. This happens when the board of directors does not give value to their shareholders. Other negative aspect s include the imperfection of financial reporting procedures which may definitely result in ineffective corporate governance. Recommendation Corporate governance is said to be one of the most important aspects to be considered in an industry. Hence, it is recommended that the company should be able to determine the most appropriate and effective corporate governance structure and approach so as to ensure that the business will adhere to all social responsibilities, legal and ethical aspects. In addition it is also recommended that this food retailing industry should give value not only to its customers and employees but most especially to the shareholders who have trusted the company and its capabilities. The company must be able to align carefully their corporate governance approach with its organizational objectives. Conclusion Corporate governance is a process which is concerned about how corporations are managed, how managers are governed, what questions face by b oards of directors and the accountability a corporation has to shareholders. In this case, it can be seen that the food retailing industry has been able to implement effective corporate governance which guides the organization to become more competitive in the marketplace. Accordingly the issues concerning the board include the level of skill and care expected of the directors and inadequate financial information. In order for the organization to address the issue, the members of the board are trying to create a resolution for these issues. In terms of positive aspects, the members of the company have been able to contribute well in ensuring competitive performance of the company. The board of directors of this organization ensures that all their actions are legal and adheres to business ethics. In addition, they also ensure that their social responsibility is also incorporated with their accountabilities. Although the company has positive aspects, it also has its negative asp ects. One of which adheres to the notion that, because of the mistakes and inconsistencies of the individual involved, it cannot always be assured that there will be no losses or errors that will occur. In ability to handle diversities and differences is also a negative aspect that can be attached with the company’s corporate governance practice. Lastly, inability to ensure shareholder value is another negative aspect of the company. It is said that the shareholder is regarded as the central stakeholder of each industry. It can be concluded that in order for the company to have a competitive business performance, the company must start from within, from its corporate governance. Reference Chaganti, R., Sherman, H. (1998). Corporate Governance and the Timeliness of Change: Reorientation in 100 American Firms. Westport, CT: Quorum Books. Davies, A. (1999). A strategic approach to corporate governance. London: Gower Publishing Limited. Francis, R. (2000). Ethics and Corporate Governance: An Australian Handbook. Sydney, N.S.W.: University of New South Wales Press. Kay, J. (1995). Foundations of Corporate Success: How Business Strategies Add Value. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Monks, R.A.G. and Minow, N. (2001). Corporate governance. 2nd ed. Oxford: Blackwell Publishes Ltd. Stapledon, G. (1996). Institutional Shareholders and Corporate Governance. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Sternberg, E. (1998). Corporate governance: accountability in the marketplace. London: The Institute of Economic Affairs. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Business Essays Corporate Governance" essay for you Create order

The Picture of Dorian Grey, by Oscar Wilde - 771 Words

Is it worth maintaining an ornately aesthetic life? Is it better to seek a moral lifestyle following society’s moral standards? With ideal appearances and superficial beauty, a decorated life can seem easier and more luxurious than a moral life. Leading a moral life is not as appealing to most people; and is filled with hardships and trouble over â€Å"doing the right thing†. One quality cannot be held without losing the other, due to their conflicting natures. While the novel The Picture of Dorian Gray brings out the central question â€Å"Is it better to pursue Aesthetics or Morality?† it describes the life of Dorian Gray, who constantly sought to maintain his appearance at the cost of his morals, and answers the question by revealing the†¦show more content†¦He wishes to stay as young and lovely as the portrait that Basil Hallward painted of him, and he wishes that the portrait could age instead. Dorian soon adopts Hedonism and resolves to live his li fe as a pleasure-seeker with no regard for morality, thanks to Lord Henry’s influence. Dorian’s connection with Sibyl Vane tests his commitment to this way of life by nearly leading him to stop living with Lord Henry’s teachings, but his love proves to be as superficial as he is. When he drives Sibyl to suicide after breaking her heart, Dorian notices the first transformation in his portrait, giving evidence that his picture is showing the effects of age and decay while his body remains ever youthful. Dorian goes through a time of inner-catastrophe as he weighs his guilt about Sibyl against the freedom from worry that Lord Henry’s philosophy guaranteed. When Dorian chooses to avoid responsibility by viewing Sibyl’s suicide as an achievement rather than a tragedy, he starts down the steep slope of his own downfall. This pursuit of aestheticism became so extreme, Dorian found no regret towards his wish and his now immoral lifestyle. As Dorian’s life progresses, his sins grow worse and his picture grows more hideous while he maintains his young appearance. Dorian seems to lack a conscience throughout the novel, and is encouraged by Lord Henry’s idea that â€Å"Conscience and cowardice are really the same things† (Wilde 7). Dorian Gray, however, eventually finds the desire toShow MoreRelatedThe Picture of Dorian Grey by Oscar Wilde768 Words   |  3 PagesEgo, and the Id. The Superego is basically the conscience of our mind. The Ego is consciousness created by the combination of the Id and Superego. The Id is having thoughts of instincts and drives which are necessary to satisfy. In Oscar Wilde’s The Picture of Dorian Gray, we see the main characters representing the Superego, Ego, and Id. 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Community Analysis South Philadelphia - 1672 Words

Community Analysis South Philadelphia is an urban community with a plethora of diverse populations within one geographic location. According to The Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia, (2015) South Philadelphia extends from â€Å"South Street to the I-76 expressway and from the Delaware to the Schuylkill Rivers†. South Philadelphia includes the zip codes of 19145, 19146, 19147, and 19148, but for this analysis I will focus solely on 19145. Within, the community of South Philadelphia an array of smaller communities exists, where residents share similar characteristics such as culture, beliefs, racial identity or interests. Communities where individuals share more than just their geographic location are non geographical communities and therefore South Philadelphia is a community based on both geographic vicinity and a community based on the common ideas, interest and a since of belonging residents share. As mentioned above a variety of ethnic groups reside in South Philadelphia, however for the purposes of this paper one subgroup within South Philadelphia will be analyzed and assessed. This community analysis focuses on the Nepalese residents living (see appendix A) in South Philadelphia and the community’s assets, social processes and challenges present in the community. Individuals in this ethnic community have immigrated to the United States from Nepal for many reasons including better educational and employment opportunities. Assessment of Community CharacteristicsShow MoreRelatedPublic Space And Why Is It Important?1466 Words   |  6 PagesWhat constitutes a public space, what role it plays, and how design should approach and deal with it is a widely debated topic in the realm of design. These public spaces historically acted as the common ground for communities; a political, social and cultural arena to foster community cohesion. 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Decision Making Model for PESTEL System †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Decision Making Model for PESTEL. Answer: Introduction Emirates group was started in 1980s after the Gulf air was established. It started with 2 planes leased from Pakistan International Airlines. They differentiate themselves from the competitors by raising the bars for the services and glamour. It also raised the fares but people were ready to pay for the services. In double Decker Airbus, it introduced full bars services, showers services as well as free food and drinks in all the flights of emirates. Soon with the investment flowing from UAE government, it started it operations in various countries. Soon, it becomes a formidable player in the International Airways. It has also become the worlds 8th largest airline in carrying the international passengers and 5th largest in terms of total kilometers travelled (Connell, 2011). Seeing the potential of airlines industry in the developing countries like India and impresses from the success of the other International Airlines like British Airways in India, it is considering the prospects o f increasing its business in India. As per the report, India is the second largest market after US in terms of domestic travels. Also, India is one of the fastest country to re over its status after recession of 2008 due to huge domestic market. Its market is so large that it does not have very high dependency on exports (Armitage, Jasim, Marks, Parker, Usik, Uerpmann, 2011). The purpose of this case study is to analyze the business model of the Emirates Airlines, potential of its increasing business in India and the suitable strategy for going to Indian markets as well as appropriate entry mode. In Airline Industry, there is no dearth of players that provides services to their customers however what differentiate Emirates from competitors like British Airways is the supplementary services. For instance, High quality service and low cost is one o f the quality of Emirates that take it to one step ahead than its competitors. Core service is the providing transportation to passengers from 1 city to another which is offered by all the airlines. Supplementary services includes comfortable seats, comfortable environment, entertainment, free food and drink services, personalized cabins for people travelling in first class, recliner chairs having ability to open up to 6 feet, shower facilities Delivery of services is done through highly professional matter through the highly trained staff. Emirates focus is on this aspect i.e. providing excellent delivery to its customers (Temiz, Gokmen, 2014). The porter five forces analysis is around 5 parameters that drive the industry. They are as follows: Threat of new entrants is very less because entering into Airline industry needs huge capital, permits and licenses , patents. Also, there are distribution limitations in terms of terminals. Safety, compliance, investment are some of the things that deter new players into entering this industry (Karabarbounis, 2014). Threat of substitutes is quite high as there are only 2 types of players in the market luxury and budget with huge price difference. With time for domestic flights not more than 2, 3 hours, it is highly probable that people will go for budget flights. This is also high as the customers always have the numerous options and buyers are also price sensitive. With other similar players like British Airways, Lufthansa, Gulf air, Etihad, Qatar entering into India, Customer have excellent bargaining power (Krystofik Babbitt, 2014). There are only 2 companies in the world, American-based Boeing and the Airbus Group, that supplies the major aircraft to all the Airlines. In terms of engine, General electric and United Technologies Corporation are the only 2 major players for manufacturing engines and other body parts. Thus, although airline industry is highly competitive very few suppliers commands the most of the major market and thus has a higher bargaining power (Branner Piekkari, Tietze, 2014). It is high in this industry due to large number of players. However, in the segment of customers which demands services like reclined seat, spas, entertainments and better services, Emirates also have good competition with British Airways, Lufthansa, Gulf air, Etihad, Qatar entering into India. PESTLE analysis is done for analyzing the state of particular industry in a particular country. It has nothing to do with a particular organization but concerns with complete industry. Therefore, Emirates considering expanding in India must be well versed with the PESTLE analysis of aviation industry in India. This analysis will help the company to make the decision about its expansion plans in India. Political factors are quite important and have high influenced on any industry. Aviation industry is highly influenced by the political conditions because of rules and regulations that changes quite frequently. As of now, political condition in India is stable from last 15 years. 15 years back, there were some tensions with Pakistan, Gujarat riots but now with a strong government, India is making its presence felt to the entire world. India, who is known as highly corrupt country and difficult to do business with, with its new government is working hard to change its status across the world and is also relaxing its rules for foreign players but still is has a long way to go because corruption is ingrained in the society. Still, bribes have to be paid for getting various permits and licenses but this is also getting reduced. Government owned airlines have very different rules and had free seats for ministers and officials, more perks, retirement benefits against private players and that is reflected in their balance sheets. For example, Air India is state owned company, which has very poor performance (Cantwell, 2014). But overall, government is working hard to improve its status and reputation around the world and has climbing in ranking of ease of doing in business in last few years. This clearly shows the efforts of the government have been recognized. There is no major political issue so far in aviation industry (Salunke Weerawardena, 2011). This includes the growth of the country, inflation rate, exchange rate, taxation policy and income of the people. India is going through a major change and is on the verge of change. As it is the country having the maximum population of young people who can work, its people are going all over the world to contribute to various economies. Realizing that and incentives from the government, many foreign companies are coming to India to tap the cheap resources, huge manpower talent as well as huge markets. Also, As the Income of the people is increasing; percentage of upper middle class and rich has also increased in the total population. People are now travelling more not just for business purposes but for vacation purposes. With rising income, their mode of transport is also changed and they prefer airlines which simply show the huge potential of airlines in India (Rangaarjan, Prasad, 2014). However, there are many low cost airlines and people in India prefer to fly with them and Emir ates is luxurious airline. Emirates is known for redefining the standard of luxury and its expansion will give the tough competition to luxury airlines in India which are very few. Overall, the prospect of Aviation industry in India looks good from economic perspective. Changing travel habits of the people have huge implications for the aviation industry. As of now, Jobs are concentrated in few of the metropolitan cities where people from all over India come and lives. These people often have requirement to travel back to their house and they also sometime travel to and fro between home and work. As a result, these changing habits have wide implications and scope for aviation industry. India is a very diverse country with huge variations in caste, creed, religion and each passengers expects the airlines to customize its offerings for instance, some people like to have Hindu food and like that (Yuksel, 2012). These requirements will be fulfilled only with the entry of more seasoned players like Emirates. India is developing at a rapid pace with full usage of technology. All the airlines are using the latest technology like check in advance, QR codes for boarding, auctioning of unoccupied seats before 1 week at attractive prices to cut their costs. Also, Major airports like Bangalore, Mumbai, Delhi have been upgraded in last few years and become much more big in size with facilities comparable to International Airports. All this is possible as the Airport authority of India has started recognizing the huge potential of the airline industry especially in this world of Globalization where companies are expanding their bases to India and which increases the travelers and travel habits. Technological factors are very favorable and once the Emirates with best in class technology expands to India, it will further fuels up the competition in India. Though there are many legal conditions like timings about the traveling of planes, rules like maximum cancellation charges, types of Airbus used in domestic routes and other acts like Air corporation act 1953, International Airport authority act 19716, Carriage by Air act 19727 Anti hijacking act, Tokyo international act and any players has to abide by such acts. Apart from this, there are no major challenges considering the legal prospects. India is one of the fastest growing markets with huge potential in the World. Though most of the traffic is concentrate in 6 cities like Delhi, Mumbai, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Pune, and Kolkata but in last few years, as the income is growing, there is also increase in the number of airports. As of current date, there are total of 134 airports in India. Out of 134, 48 are reserved for Defense activities and private activities, 64 airports have domestic statuses and 22 have international status. These increasing numbers of airports and conversion of domestic airport to international airports simply shows the potential of growth of Air travelers. International marketing strategy Emirates have to decide the international marketing strategy like whether it has to provide the global standard services or it should localized itself. Given the vast diversity of India where Language changes in every 200 miles and differences in caste, creed, believes, it has to customize its services to a huge extent for Indians. Not only this, as per the government of India, Liquor is not allowed in Domestic services. Thus, Food will be one of the main things. Now, it has to customize its food for different states, religions for the people however the other global things like entertainment, comfortable seating can be the same (Patel, 2013). There are various options for Emirates to enter in India. Emirates can make a direct entry into the Indian market but that will be bit complicated given the difficulty of business in India. At every level, there are much bureaucracy involved besides corruption and bribe. Lack of external market may cause too much time for Emirates to enter the market directly and also company will find it difficult to manage cultural and social differences. Licensing and Franchising will also not be suitable in this business model and also due to the brand name of emirates, these entry modes have the higher probability of impacting the brand name of the company because not everyone can keep such higher standards of service and delivery (Joshi, Bhatia, 2014). Joint venture is another important strategy and will be more suitable for Emirates to expand in India as compared to direct entry. With the help of Joint venture, Emirates can get rid of problems like dealing with government, regulatory agencies and also to get the local market knowledge and experience before launching full fledge into foreign markets. Not only will this, having a joint venture with one of Indian Airways help the company faster to establish itself as brand in India. Also, there are many companies in India but most are low cost airlines like spicejet, Indigo, Vistara. Air India is a good premium fight but it owned by the government. Jet airways will be the most suitable and eligible for entering into a joint venture in India (Nataraja, Al-Aali, 2011). In fact, they already have collaboration in some of the areas. For example, people having jet airways mile can redeem their miles in Emirates flights also. Recommendations Bases on the pestle analysis of Aviation Industry and other requirements, there is no doubt that the decision of Emirates to expand into developing markets like India is not good. With Globalization and many other opportunities, most of the global players are setting big time in India. India also has witnessed great rise in income level and change in travel habits of the people which simply shows the huge potential of the country. Apart from this, Emirates also has the huge potential of tapping the aspirations of growing middle class by providing them better services. Although there are many international players and stiff competition but the market is so large that each player can have its own share of pie. Conclusion Emirates have been discusses in this case study along with its scope for expanding into India. India is a developing country with huge potential and there are various tools used for analysis and all of them are suggesting that Emirates should expand to India. Not only this, Its global competitors like Lufthansa, Qatar, Etihad, Silk Air, Gulf Air already have their presence in India. Though there are numerous players but the market is very high and each player can have its share. Also, Joint venture is suggested as a preferred mode of entry into Indian markets. References Armitage, S. J., Jasim, S. A., Marks, A. E., Parker, A. G., Usik, V. I., Uerpmann, H. P. (2011). The southern route out of Africa: evidence for an early expansion of modern humans into Arabia.Science,331(6016), 453-456. Brannen, M.Y., Piekkari, R. and Tietze, S., 2014. The multifaceted role of language in international business: Unpacking the forms, functions and features of a critical challenge to MNC theory and performance.Journal of International Business Studies,45(5), pp.495-507. Cantwell, J., 2014. Revisiting international business theory: A capabilities-based theory of the MNE.Journal of International Business Studies,45(1), p.1. Joshi, M. C., Bhatia, R. (2014). Russia: An Emerging Market for Indian Firms.Global Performance Challenges, 213. Krystofik, M., Babbitt, C. W., Gaustad, G. (2014). When consumer behavior dictates life cycle performance beyond the use phase: case study of inkjet cartridge end-of-life management. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 19(5), 1129-1145. Karabarbounis, L., 2014. Home production, labor wedges, and international business cycles.Journal of Monetary Economics,64, pp.68-84. Nataraja, S., Al-Aali, A. (2011). The exceptional performance strategies of Emirate Airlines.Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal,21(5), 471-486. OConnell, J. F. (2011). The rise of the Arabian Gulf carriers: An insight into the business model of Emirates Airline.Journal of Air Transport Management,17(6), 339-346. Patel, D. (2013). Study on Indian Airline Industry. Rangarajan, S., Prasad, V. A. (2014). The Indian airline industrywill the flight be smooth?.Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies,4(3), 1-18. Salunke, S., Weerawardena, J., McColl-Kennedy, J. R. (2011). Towards a model of dynamic capabilities in innovation-based competitive strategy: insights from project-oriented service firms. Industrial Marketing Management, 40(8), 1251-1263. Temiz, D. and Gokmen, A., 2014. FDI inflow as an international business operation by MNCs and economic growth: An empirical study on Turkey.International Business Review,23(1), pp.145-154. Yuksel, I. (2012). Developing a Multi-Criteria Decision Making Model for PESTEL Analysis. International Journal of Business and Management, 7(24), 57-66.

Anheuser-Busch free essay sample

Anheuser-Busch I. Executive Summary Since it’s founding in 1852 Anheuser-Busch has brewed a great product. Today Anheuser-Busch is controlling the industry by creating brand supremacy over their competitors. Anheuser-Busch has a very successful and long standing history with their marketing and advertising, this has aided in giving them the edge they needed over the competition. In the US market their signature beers Budweiser and Bud Light can be referenced by the Anheuser-Busch Clydesdales. These horses have given this company the American feel as well as the competitive edge over other brewers. Anheuser-Busch has also put a great deal of time and money into sponsorships within the sports industry, this has also helped secure the global loyalty it has enjoyed in the past. Anheuser-Busch would not be where it is today if not for their historic practice of developing new and different products to help meet the needs of their consumers. The brewing industry has seen some generations come and go and seen trends change steadily with these generation. While Budweiser was the beer of choice of our parents, Bud Light was introduced to fill needs of a new and different crowd. This trend is bound to continue and any brewer that cannot keep up will be left in the dust. II. Table of Contents III. Industry AnalysisPage 4 IV. Analysis of the CompetitorsPage 8 V. Firm AnalysisPage 13 VI. RecommendationsPage 18 VII. ReferencesPage 20 III. Industry Analysis DEMOGRAPHIC There has been a significant trend in the growing population of first time drinkers in this country. â€Å"The number of consumers reaching legal age has risen steadily in recent years, according to the U. S. Census Bureau. In 1999, the 21- to 24-year-old age group began increasing in size for the first time in two decades. This growth is expected to continue through 2010. † (Clark, 2005) Although there has been a dramatic increase in the target population of brewers over the past decade, this hasn’t helped increase sales in the past decade. â€Å"While beer historically has been the alcoholic beverage of choice for the first-time drinker, we have seen a surge in the consumption of spirits and wines by this group in the past couple of years, due to demographic changes and lots of marketing. † (Clark, 2005) Changing attitudes by the brewing industry’s target population has contributed to a loss of sales despite a growing population. ECONOMIC Do to tough economic times where the unemployment rate is rising everyday, the brewing industry has certainly taken a loss in sales. â€Å"Americans are going out much less to bars and restaurants and indeed sales of beers to businesses have also dropped. † (Alazraki, 2008) The economic recession that America is facing is forcing people to be very tight with their money, and this includes the purchasing of luxury items or non-necessities such as beer. The beer that is being bought is tending to be less expensive than beer that has been bought in the past. So far the increase in sales of more economic beers has been at the expense of the more expensive ones. † (Alazraki, 2008) This trend is also hurting the brewing industry because of lack of sales on their higher price brew. â€Å"So unless Americans have a reason to start drowning their sorrows in beer and lets hope that doesnt happen I dont see great things ahead for beer companies†. (alazraki, 2008) POLITICAL/LEGAL As imports and exports become more of an existing force for the brewing industry, this will also have drastic effects on brewing in the US. As more and more micro breweries and foreign breweries expand, it will be harder for the smaller breweries to keep up. The current kingpin in the US, Anheuser Busch has recently formed an agreement to further it’s distribution even further outside of the US, making the brewery industry more of a global issue. â€Å"The agreement does not impact existing litigation or trademark disputes between the two brewers in other countries, and they have agreed the partnership cannot be used to support either side in any trademark cases. † (Realbeer. com, 2007) SOCIOCULTURAL There has been an increase in alcoholism and more of a push towards healthy lifestyles in the recent years. â€Å"Alcoholism refers to any condition that result in the continued consumption of alcoholic beverages despite health problems and negative social consequences. † (Wikipedia, 2007) Every year there are issues from drunk driving to spousal abuse that stem from alcohol abuse. â€Å"Alcoholism does not have a single cause—including genetic—but that genes do play an important role by affecting processes in the body and brain that interact with one another and with an individuals life experiences to produce protection or susceptibility. (Wikipedia, 2007) For this reason the brewing industry has had to take a more in charge approach to their marketing having to promote drinking responsible a big priority. TECHNOLIGICAL Technology in beer has come a long way since beer was first brewed. The first issue to affect the brewing industry is the innovation of the mic ro brewery. â€Å"Microbreweries are small producers of beer that serve local or regional markets. To qualify as a microbrewery, the establishment must produce less than 15,000 barrels (178,841 decaliters) annually. † (Yares. 009) This gave everyday people a chance to brew their own and start a small business. While the individual companies didn’t affect the industry the new onslaught of competition did change it. With the development of microbreweries came new types and flavors of beers that made the originals more common and less interesting. †Currently there are more than 1,600 microbreweries in operation in the United States alone. The number of home brewers is unknown, but brewers of both home brew and microbreweries cite the same reasons for their existence. Taste, body and overall flavor of micro brewed beer exceeds the major brands. † (Yares, 2009) GLOBAL As I had mentioned in the above economic trends, there has been a push for global expansion within the market of brewing. The largest powerhouse of brewing in the united states, Anheuser-Busch has been the target of a buyout. â€Å"After two weeks of nail-biting speculation, InBev NV (INBVF. PK) pulled the trigger on its takeover offer to Anheuser-Busch Companies Inc. (BUD), putting up a $46. 3 billion, or $65 per share, cash bid for the U. S. arket leader. † (Caggeso, 2008) This would make Anheuser-Busch no longer an American company, but would make it among the top in the world. According to CEO Carlos Brito â€Å"This company is going to be the world’s leading brewer,† Brito noted, calling the merger a natural step. â€Å"It’s going to be among the top five consumer goods companies in the world. † (Caggeso, 2008) The effects of this among th e brewing industry will hurt smaller companies and make it more difficult to compete against the new global powerhouse. IV. Analysis of the Competitors Anheuser-Busch is best known for its brewing capabilities and its signature beer, Budweiser. â€Å"Its beers lead the US with a market share of some 48%. † (Covell. 2009) Along with this Anheuser-Busch also has operations in theme parks and can production. Anheuser-Busch currently is the top provider in the industry having sales from 2007 at â€Å"$16,685. 7M, One year growth: 6. 2%, Net income: $2,115. 3M, Income growth: 7. 6%. † (Covell. 2009) Along with the brewing of beer, Anheuser-Busch also produces other products such as energy drinks and other non alcoholic beverages. The top competitors of Anheuser-Busch are â€Å"Miller Brewing Company; Adolph Coors Company; Heineken N. V. † (Covell. 2009) SABMiller or Miller Brewing Company â€Å"is one of the worlds largest brewers with more than 200 brands and some 140 breweries in about 30 countries. Its brands include Castle Lager, the top label in Africa, Grolsch, Miller, and Peroni, just to name a few. † (Salamie. 2009) SABMiller is second only to Anheuser-Busch, and like Anheuser-Busch also has other operations such as a can production plant. In addition to beer, SABMiller makes wines and spirits, and it is one of the worlds largest bottlers of Coca-Cola products and other soft drinks. † (Salamie. 2009) SABMiller is now based in London, England but has no operations there. â€Å"Its true home country is South Africa, where The South African Breweries Limited (SAB) was founded in 1895 and where SABMiller today holds an impressive 98 percent share of the beer market. † (Salamie. 2009) Miller Brewing Company is an important competitor because like Anheuser-Busch they are a global company and hold a large share of the market in the brewing industry. Miller Brewing has also shown a substantial growth in sales having a one year growth of 15. 0%, net income of $2,288. 00M and an income growth of 21. 5% (Salamie. 2009) SABMiller is expanding their business at a impressive rate and slowly growing to catch up with Anheuser-Busch. Another competitor of Anheuser-Busch is the Molson Coors Brewing Company. â€Å"Molson Coors Brewing Company, the product of the February 2005 merger of the Colorado-based Adolph Coors Company and the Canadian brewer Molson Inc. , ranks as the fifth largest brewing company in the world. It holds the number one position in Canada, the number two rank in the United Kingdom, and the number three slot in the United States. † (Gasbarre, 2009) Prior to the merger, Molson was the first brewery in North America (Canada) being founded in 1786 and Coors was established in 1873 in the United States. Prior to this merger both breweries were not where they wanted to be losing valuable market shares and profits on the decline. Following the merger the company emerged as a power in the brewing industry. By merging the company has been able to become a major player and start expanding into more global markets. They also have been in collaboration with other brewing companies that are considered competitors. â€Å"In the US, Molson Coors operates through joint venture MillerCoors (42%-owned with SABMiller), which markets Coors, Coors Light, and Molson products. † (Gasbarre, 2009) Like the Anheuser-Busch, the Molson Coors Brewing Company also has other ventures in product lines other than beer and has made a push to expand its efforts globablly. The final competitor of Anheuser-Busch is Heineken N. V, who’s most popular brand, is Heineken. â€Å"Heineken, one of the worlds brewing giants, sells its namesake beer in their easily recognized green bottles in just about every country on the planet. † (Highman, 2009) Although Heineken started as a considerably smaller operation it has easily become one of the most popular import beers in the US. Like the above competitors, Heineken has had a massive expansion into the global market. â€Å"After the repeal of Prohibition in 1933, Heineken was the first beer imported into the United States. (Highman, 2009) Heineken has always used a very good strategic method for aiding in the expansion of their company. â€Å"Heinekens position of international preeminence at the dawn of the 21st century was attributable to its two-pronged strategy of exporting its key global brands (Heineken, Amstel, and Murphys) and acquiring or building from scratch foreign breweries with strong local or regional brands. † (Highman, 2009) This bold strategy has allowed Heineken to compete with bigger brands like Anheuser-Busch. The intensity of industry competition and an industry’s profit potential are functions of five forces of competition: the threats posed by new entrants, the power of suppliers, the power of buyers, product substitutes and the intensity of rivalry among competitors. † (Hitt, 2007, p 51) The threats posed by new entrants clearly impact the profitability of the industry by creating alternatives to existing products and getting a share of the market from current companies. There is also a drive towards creating new and different products to combat these newcomers and provide a diversity of selection. However, most new entrants to the brewing industry are unable to compete with the large scale companies because they lack the resources to expand because of barriers. The bargaining power of suppliers has a low impact on the profitability of the brewing industry since supplies of the large scale needed to brew the mass quantities is not readily available all over. Most large scale brewing companies are their own suppliers of ingredients and thus can only be affected due to supply of the products needed. The other items needed are one time purchase orders that are offered by a lot of different suppliers throughout the country. The bargaining power of buyers largely impacts the profitability of the industry. â€Å"Buyers want to buy products at the lowest possible price – the point at which the industry earns the lowest acceptable rate of return on its invested capital. † (Hitt, 2007, p 57) This forces companies to keep their prices competitive and low in order to gain more sales. The threat of substitute products has a role in the profitability of the brewing industry. There is an availability of substitutes out there in terms of wine and liquor, and this increases amount of lost sales. This leads to a negative impact on the brewing industry. The final force that could impact the profitability is the intensity of rivalry among competitors. Since the brewing industry is widely concentrated this leads to not much rivalry as there is enough profits to go around. Also since each brewer has differentiated their product slightly, this also leads to a decrease in rivalry. Along with this decrease, there has also been collaboration between so called competitors within foreign markets such as the joint venture between SABMiller and Molson Coors. V. Firm Analysis A core competency is an ability that a firm possesses that can be a source of their competitive advantage over another business or rival. (Hitt, 2007, p 84) A core competency is what can make a business stand out or differentiate them from all the other competing businesses out there. Every business should have something that they are known for or do extremely well, for instance you would not go to McDonalds over Dairy Queen if your focus was desert. Desert in this case would be considered Dairy Queen’s core competency. With this core competency, there are four specific capabilities that stand out. The four elements of a core competency are valuable, rare, costly to imitate, and non-substitutable. (Hitt, 2007, p 86-87) â€Å"Valuable capabilities allow the firm to exploit opportunities or neutralize threats in its external environment. † (Hitt, 2007, p 86) Rare capabilities are exactly that, rare or not very many competitors exhibit them. Costly to imitate are capabilities that other competitors can not imitate very easily or are much to expensive. The final capability is non-substitutable. A non-substitutable capability is one that has no real equivalents in the market or possessed by any other competitor. (Hitt, 2007, p 86-87) In analyzing the brewing industry and the competition within I was not able to find any core competencies that any one brand possessed over another. All three brands have good distribution and a similar product that cannot be easily distinguishable between consumers or is based on individual likes. The competition between these companies is based on consumer’s reactions alone. There is really no competitive advantage gained by any company through distribution or production since all can mass produce and distribute to a multitude of markets. There is also a great deal of cooperation between brewers in certain markets, where the two companies will merge in a certain region to result in a better distribution. This cooperation really depends on the market share and can benefit two companies if the market is dominated by a third. Since the brewing industry is a very global market, it is hard to find core competencies that separate these companies from each other. In the value chain analysis, a company is able to evaluate their operations that find which is creating value within the business and those that are not. (Hitt, 2007, p 89) The value chain analysis is broken up into two types of activities, primary and support. The primary activities are those activities that are directly related to the production, sale and distribution of the physical product a company produces, while the support activities are those activities that provide the support needed to aid the primary activities. Hitt, 2007, p 89) In analyzing the primary activities of the competition we will use Porter’s value chain arrow. †¢Primary Activities oInbound Logistics oOperations oOutbound Logistics oMarketing and Sales oService †¢Support Activities oProcurement oTechnological Development oHuman Resources Management oFirm Infrastructure With regards to outbound logistics, SABMiller, who has a presence in more than 60 countries, has been able to use their vast s ize and capital to maximize their value and competitive advantage. (Jiwa, 2008, p 3. ) The SABMiller Company has been able to set itself aside by creating a solid sales and marketing campaign. â€Å"As SABMiller seeks to understand consumer preferences and create brand portfolios that are relevant and appealing, they have a strong competitive advantage in their ‘market mapping’ system – a formal process identifying the main clusters of consumer preference in any given market and comparing these with the brands currently on offer. † (Jiwa, 2008, p 3. 1) Although this is a competitive advantage for SABMiller, it is not according to the four criteria a core competency. In terms of support activities, SABMiller has used procurement to gain a competitive advantage. â€Å"In recent years, raw materials such as malt, glass and aluminum have been rising in price and one way SABMiller mitigate these effects is by using their global scale to purchase more efficiently. † (Jiwa, 2008, p 3. 2) While this strategy that SABMiller utilizes does help to gain value, this is not considered a core competency according to the criteria. The Molson Coors Brewing Company have been able to stay competitive by utilizing an increase in technological development. This new planning software will optimize the supply chain and create more value. Like their competitors, Molson Coors has a vast product line and an even more vast distribution area. â€Å"Infor (software company) says the solution enables Molson Coors to manage inventory and production for all sites while also factoring in capacity constraints of production, warehousing and distribution. † (Infor Co Press Release, 2007) The director of supply chain planning for Molson Coors had this to say â€Å"The accuracy from the additional detail enables us to reduce inventories while maintaining our high customer service levels. While this certainly helps Molson Coors create more value, it is not a core competency according to the criteria. Since the brewing industry has been around, there will always be new innovations and technologies that give one company a slight temporary advantage over the other, but with this fast paced environment it really comes down to the product and the ind ividual’s taste buds. â€Å"Resources, capabilities, and core competencies provide the foundation of competitive advantage. † (Hitt, 2007, p 79) These three ideals all interact and are based on one another. â€Å"Resources are the source of a firm’s capabilities. Resources are bundled to create organizational capabilities. Capabilities in turn are the source of firm’s core competencies. † (Hitt, 2007, p 79) Quality resources, both tangible and intangible are a very important part of the brewing industry. It can go from using the best ingredients, to having the best people, or even utilizing the best management and business style. Once the resources are in place, a company will have certain capabilities utilizing all it’s resources. These capabilities really exhibit the true mission of the company and are the heart of the business plan. When a company has a capability that no other competitor does, they would have a core competency or a competitive advantage. In the brewing industry, there is such a level playing field in terms of the capabilities of producing the product and distributing it. There are differences in the products, but these competitors all have a wide variety of types that are similar to the competition. Being a global market, most of the heavy hitters of the brewing industry have breweries in different locations so no advantage is gained there. Since there are no apparent sustainable competitive advantages that one company posses over another and certainly not with Anheuser-Busch, how is it that Anheuser-Busch remain the front runner in the Brewing industry. Anheusuer-Busch has utilized a great marketing plan to establish them and give them a great brand equity that people can rely on. â€Å"When it comes to building a brand from the ground up, or growing an established member of the Anheuser-Busch family of beers, the 130-year-old brewery’s marketing teams xcel at defining the concept, identifying the brand’s growth opportunities, and creating the perfect marketing and media mix to maximize public exposure and affinity for the brand. † (Anheuser-Busch, 2007) This marketing design while obviously giving Anheusuer-Busch an advantage over the years, is not sustainable since it can be imitated or substituted. VI. Recommendations Anheuser-Busch has continued to dominate the industry by creating brand domina nce over the competition. I believe that if Anheuser-Busch can keep their marketing and advertising above the others, they will continue to lead the industry. Over the past 30 years, one of the most successful ways Budweiser and Bud Light have solidified their brand image is through sports sponsorships. † (Anheuser-Busch, 2007) Creating sponsorships throughout the professional sports arena as well as special events helps Anheuser-Busch to secure the global loyalty it has enjoyed in the past. When Anheuser-Busch partners with an event as a sponsor it greatly increases its brand image with the people that are associated with the event. These people will feel closer to the brand since they are a supporter of something they are into.